决议行为“意思形成说”反思——兼论决议行为作为法律行为之实益  

Reflection on the Theory of"Intention formation"of the Resolution:Also on the Benefit of the Resolution as a Legal Act

作　　者：吴飞飞 Wu Feifei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第2期134-148,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《民法总则》与公司决议制度适用对接问题研究”(项目编号:18CFX045)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“意思形成说”对我国决议行为理论研究具有启蒙意义,是其促使理论界开始重视“团体意思是如何产生的?”这一“制度发生学”命题,亦是其为决议外部效力的“善恶二分制”提供了特定学理支撑。然而,“意思形成说”对决议行为的定性,颇有“白马非马”之嫌。其审视决议行为的外部第三人视角,会消解决议行为对团体内部治理的规范意义;其对民主、正当程序原则的过分推崇,混淆了私法决议与公法决议的本质差异;既有决议效力规则主要沿袭法律行为效力评价理论,“意思形成说”难以在法律行为效力评价理论之外再造一套效力评价规则。秉承决议行为与法律行为的私法自治工具共性,以《中华人民共和国民法典》第134条作为实定法依据,挖掘决议行为与法律行为理论的共通之处。以此为基础,进一步澄清意思表示与法律行为的关系、修正意思表示瑕疵规则,提取出法律行为之“程式”等新的公因式,使法律行为理论“老树开新花”;以法律行为理论为依托,将私法自治理念灌注到决议规则之中,使团体自治在价值位阶上优先于民主与正当程序,以法律行为规则为一般法规范填补决议规则之漏洞,使其日臻完善。The theory of"Intention formation"about the attribute of resolutions is of enlightening significance to the study of resolution theory in China,it helps the academic circles begin to pay attention to the proposition of"How the collective intention comes into being"which is a"genetics institution"topic,and it also provides the specific academic support for the dichotomy principle of the external validity of resolutions.However,the opinion on the attribute of resolutions that the theory of"Intention formation"conveys is like"A white horse is not a horse."The external third-person perspective that defines the resolution eliminate the normative significance of the resolution behavior to the internal governance of the organization,and its overemphasis on the democracy and due process confuses the essential difference between the private law resolution and the public law resolution,it also hinders the flexibility of community autonomy.The existing resolution validity rule mainly draw on the validity evaluation theory of legal act,while the"Intention formation"theory can not create another rule in addition to the validity evaluation theory of legal act.Based on the commonness of Resolution and legal act in autonomy of private law,Article 134 of the Civil Code is taken as the legal basis for the quality of Resolutions,and the commonness between resolutions and legal acts is explored.On this basis,the relationship between expression of intention and the legal act is further clarified,the rule of declaration of Intention Defect is amended,and new public factors such as"Formula"of legal act are extracted to update the theory of legal act.The idea of autonomy of private law is infused into the resolution rule,which gives community autonomy priority to democracy and due process on the value level.The rule of legal act is used as the norm of general law to fill the loopholes in the resolution rule.Above,it is the benefit that the resolution is brought into the legal act"big family."

关 键 词：决议行为 意思表示 意思形成说 法律行为理论 公司决议 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]