中国手语存在句的表征方式和认知特征:“图形-背景”理论分析  

Representations and Cognitive Features of Existential Sentence in Chinese Sign Language

作　　者：曹阳 文旭[1] CAO Yang;WEN Xu

机构地区：[1]西南大学外国语学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《外国语文》2022年第2期31-41,共11页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“认知语言学理论建设与汉语的认知研究”(15ZDB099);重庆市博士研究生科研创新项目“现代汉语存在构式时空性的认知研究”(CYB21091)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：手语存在句是通过“图形-背景”关系表示事物之间空间关系和存在关系的一种手语单句,它至少包含存在处所和存在主体两个要素。其中,存在处所是背景,存在主体是图形。中国手语存在句遵循“背景引出图形”的语序,在此语序下,“背景-[有]-图形”“背景-图形-[有]”“背景-图形-V”和“背景-图形”是中国手语存在句的四种主要表征方式。与有声语言相较,手语具有强空间性,中国手语存在句注重空间概念而忽视时间概念。中国手语存在句与汉语存在句也有相似之处,它们同属主题句,突显的焦点均置于认知图形上。Sign language existential sentence expresses the spatial relationship and existential relationship between things through Figure-Ground relations. It contains at least two constituent elements: existential location and existential subject, in which existential location is the Ground and existential subject is the Figure. Existential sentences in Chinese sign language follow the order of Ground preceding Figure. Existential sentences in Chinese sign language are mainly represented as “Ground-(you)-Figure” “Ground-Figure-(you)” “Ground-Figure-V” and “Ground-Figure”. Compared with spoken language, sign language is a spatiality-prominent language. Existential sentences in Chinese sign language emphasize the concept of spatiality with less regard for the concept of temporality. At the same time, there are similarities between existential sentences in Chinese sign language and Chinese existential sentences, both of which are topicality and prominent in the Figure.

关 键 词：中国手语存在句 表征方式 认知特征 

分 类 号：H026.3[语言文字—语言学]