唐代疫灾引发的社会危机  

Social Crisis Caused by Epidemics in Tang Dynasty

作　　者：吴天语 温翠芳[2] Wu Tianyu;Wen Cuifang

机构地区：[1]西南大学 [2]西南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《兰台世界》2022年第3期144-149,共6页Lantai World

基　　金：西南大学2020年国家级创新创业计划“危机与应对——唐代抗疫的启示”(基金号:X202010635149);重庆市教育科学规划课题“唐代德育史料开发及其在高校历史教学改革中的应用研究”(项目基金号:2018-GX-274)。

摘　　要：唐代是中国历史上一个疫病多发的时期,疟疾、痢疾、霍乱等多种传染病的肆虐,引发了严重的社会危机,主要包括政治危机、经济危机、社会动荡等。政治危机是由于疫灾导致了政治威信、政权分配以及君臣关系的改变;经济危机则是由于疫灾导致人口和牲畜锐减、社会矛盾激化,造成工商业萎缩,经济衰退;社会动荡则主要表现在疫灾导致大规模的人口迁移和战争失利。“灾害天谴论”“天人感应说”是影响唐人至深的灾疫成因,而儒家的仁政思想则成为统治集团积极有效的应对理论,指导统治集团推行积极的弥灾举措。Tang Dynasty was a period of frequent epidemics in Chinese history.Malaria,dysentery,cholera and other infectious diseases were rampant,which caused serious social crisis,including political crisis,economic crisis,social unrest and so on.The political crisis was because the epidemic led to the change of political prestige,distribution of political power and relationship between emperors and subjects.The economic crisis was because the epidemic led to the sharp decline of population and livestock,the intensification of social conflicts,the shrink of industry and commerce,and the economic recession.The social crisis was mainly manifested in the large-scale population migration and the loss of war caused by the epidemics."The theory of nature’s punishment"and"the theory of interaction between man and nature"were the causes of epidemics which influenced the people of Tang Dynasty deeply,while the Confucian benevolent government thought became the active and effective coping theory of the ruling group,and guided the ruling group to carry out active measures to alleviate the epidemics.

关 键 词：唐代 疫灾 社会危机 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]