缓释氮肥运筹对麦后直播棉株型调节和成铃的影响  

EffectSof slow-release nitrogen fertilizeRon plant type and boll formation of direct seeding cotton afteRwheat harvest

作　　者：张晨霞 胡大鹏[1] 张中宁 刘震宇 田巧凤[1] 何润 陈晨 陈媛 张祥[1] 陈德华[1] ZHANG Chenxia;HU Dapeng;ZHANG Zhongning;LIU Zhenyu;TIAN Qiaofeng;HE Run;CHEN Chen;CHEN Yuan;ZHANG Xiang;CHEN Dehua(Key Laboratory of Crop GeneticSand Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第1期88-96,共9页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100400、2017YFD0201300)。

摘　　要：以中棉所50为供试材料,设计缓释氮肥用量(45、90、135kg·hm^(-2))和施用时期(2、4叶期)2个因子试验,以不施肥和常规施肥为对照,研究缓释氮肥轻简化应用对小麦后直播棉株型和成铃的影响。结果表明:4叶期一次性施入90kg·hm^(-2)的缓释氮肥处理群体成铃数最多,且群体成铃集中。合理的缓释氮肥运筹能塑造高光效株型,株高保持在81.2~90.5cm,节枝比为2.6~2.7,从而提高果枝长度和果枝向值,降低果枝弯曲度;相关分析进一步表明,株高、节枝比与成铃数、成铃强度呈显著或极显著的开口向下的抛物线关系;果枝长度、果枝向值与成铃数、成铃强度呈显著的线性正相关关系,果枝弯曲度与成铃数、成铃强度呈显著的线性负相关关系。因此,通过缓释氮肥轻简化施用可构建高光效株型,促进小麦后直播棉成铃并成铃集中,为高产和机采提供空间结构基础。In order to clarify the effect of light and simplified application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on plant type and boll formation of direct seeding cotton after wheat harvest,in 2016-2017,in the experimental field of the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,the CCRI 50 was used as the experiment almaterial,and two-factor design with the amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(45,90,135 kg·hm^(-2))and the application period(fertilization at the 2-leaf and 4-leaf phase)was applied,and no fertilization and conventional fertilization were used as controls.The results showed that the highest number of bolls per hectare was observed under the treatment of 90 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen applied at 4-leaf stage,and concentrated boll formation was detected under this treatment.Reasonable application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can promote plant type with high photosynthetic efficiency:plant height maintained at 81.2-90.5 cm,node to branch ratio was 2.6-2.7,fruit branch length and the angel between the leaf and horizontal plant were increased,and bending degree of fruit branches was reduced.Correlation analysis further showed that plant height and node to branch ratio was correlated with boll number and boll intensity,exhibiting significant or extremely significant parabolic relationship with downward pointing;fruitbranch length and the angel between the leaf had significant positive linear correlation with boll number and boll strength;bending degree of fruit branches had significant negative linear correlation with boll number and boll strength.Therefore,the light and simplified application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can build plant type with high photosynthetic efficiency,promote boll formation and concentrated boll formation of direct seeding cotton after wheat harvest,and provide spatial structure foundation for high yield and mechanical harvesting.

关 键 词：小麦后直播棉 氮素运筹 缓释肥 株型 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]