半合成和天然培养基对秀珍菇菌种保藏效果的影响  

Effect of Semi-synthetic and Natural Medium on the Preservation of Pleurotus pulmonarius Culture

作　　者：兰清秀[1,2,3] 柯斌榕 卢政辉[1,3] 马璐 黄晨阳[2] 廖剑华 LAN Qing-xiu;KE Bin-rong;LU Zheng-hui;MA Lu;HUANG Chen-yang;LIAO Jian-hua(Institute of Edible Fungi,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center(NDRC)for Breeding&Cultivation of Featured Edible Fungi,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所,福建福州350013 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]特色食用菌繁育与栽培国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建福州350013

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2022年第3期65-70,共6页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：福建省属公益项目(2019R1035-4);福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(zycxny2021011)。

摘　　要：优质菌种是秀珍菇安全生产的根本保障,菌种保藏是保障优质菌种的关键环节。为明确培养基对秀珍菇菌种保藏效果的影响,以秀珍菇菌株Y710-14为材料,在冰箱4℃条件下,设计了PDA、PDSA、PDYA、PDSYA共4种半合成培养基和以木屑、棉籽壳、麦粒为主料的5种天然培养基配方进行试验。采用半合成培养基保藏母种3个月、9个月、12个月和18个月,观察原种菌丝的萌发时间、萌发率并测定菌丝生长速度;采用天然培养基保藏母种12个月和18个月,测定原种菌丝生长速度、培养基的含水量和pH;所有配方保藏菌种12个月,测定栽培种菌丝的生长速度,以及子实体的现蕾时间、出菇率和第一潮鲜菇产量。结果表明,在冰箱4℃条件下,随着保藏时间的延长,半合成培养基上原种的萌发时间逐渐延长,但PDA和PDSA的原种菌丝生长速度未减弱,且菌丝粗壮浓白。天然培养基的F1、F2、F3配方保藏菌种12个月和18个月后,原种的菌丝生长速度无显著性差异,天然培养基含水量和pH处于正常范围,种性保持较稳定。出菇试验结果表明,除以麦粒替代棉籽壳为主料的F5配方出菇率为83.3%,其余处理出菇率均为100%。综合保藏时间、菌种稳定性和出菇表现,建议冰箱4℃保藏秀珍菇菌种时,中、短期选用PDA、PDSA培养基或以木屑和棉籽壳为主料的天然培养基进行保藏。High quality strain are the fundamental guarantee for the safe production of Pleurotus pulmonarius,and the preservation of culture is the key link to ensure high quality strains.In order to determine the preservation effect in the refrigerator at4℃,four kinds of inclined PDA,PDSA,PDYA and PDSYA semi-synthetic medium and five kinds of natural medium,which are mainly made of wood chips,cottonseed shells and wheat grains,were designed for the preservation of P.pulmonarius strain Y710-14.The stock culture were preserved in semi-synthetic medium for 3,9,12 and 18 months,then the time and germination rate of mycelium of the mother spawn were observed and its growth rate of mycelium were measured.The stock culture were preserved in natural culture medium for 12 and 18 months,the growth rate of mycelium of the mother spawn,water content and pH of natural medium were measured.The growth rate of mycelium of spawn,budding time,mushroom emergence rate and fresh weight of the first flush of fruit body were measured after the stock culture preserved in different formulations for 12 months.The results showed that under the condition of refrigerator at 4℃,with the extension of storage time,the germination time of mother spawn gradually increased.However,the growth rate of the mycelium of mother spawn did not decrease,and the mycelium was thick and white with PDA and PDSA.There was no significant difference in mycelium growth rate of the mother spawn after 12 and 18 months of preservation in the formula of F1,F2 and F3 in natural medium,and the water content and pH were in the normal range,the strain remained relatively stable.Except for the F5 formula with wheat kernel instead of cotton seed shell as the main material,the fruiting rate was 83.3%,and the other treatments were 100%.Considering the storage time,strain stability and fruiting performance,it is suggested that PDA and PDSA medium or the natural medium with wood chips and cotton seed shell as main materials should be used for preservation of P.pulmonarius at 4℃.

关 键 词：半合成培养基 天然培养基 秀珍菇 菌种 保藏 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]