“貘尊”及其生态史料意义  

“The Tapir-like Bronzeware”and the Significance of Its Historical Data on Ecology

作　　者：王子今 WANG Zi-jin(School of History, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期5-13,共9页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大研究专项(“兰台学术计划”)“中华文明起源与历史文化研究专题”委托项目“中华文化基因的渊源与演进”(20@WTC004)。

摘　　要：上古时期青铜器遗存可见“貘”的形象。相关信息透露生态环境史涉及气候、植被与野生动物分布的趋势。“貘”的存亡,与当时生态环境条件有直接的关系。野生动物分布情势,在历史时期多有变化。而“貘”在中原的消失,提示了生态史的重要转变。人类活动的影响,也是导致相关历史文化变局的重要因素。西周“貘尊”等青铜器在黄河中游的发现,也提供了文明重心地区社会文化进步的文物见证。In the design and production of ancient artifacts,there goes a saying that“making the artifacts resemble the objects and show their shapes”.Those take plants as specimens include“wooden bucket”,“tube”,“melon”,“garlic”and so on.Those take animals as the imitation objects include“rhinoceros”,“elephant”,“ox”,“tiger”,“deer”,“fish”,“eagle”,“owl”,“wild goose”and“peacock”.The written records and cultural relics of“rhinoceros”,“elephant”,“sika deer”and“peacock”reflect the historical changes in the distribution areas of these wild animals,and can be regarded as historical data on ecology.Among them,the artifacts and paintings created after animal images may have more valuable cultural value.The bionic intention of bronzeware provides social consciousness related to birds and animals for the historical and cultural researches of a wider vision.The relevant information reveals some trend in the history of eco-environment.For example,the image of the‘tapir’deserves our attention.So,as to the question“what kind of animal is the‘tapir’”,some say it is a“panda”,and some hold negative opinions.We agree with scholar Sun Ji:“The‘tapir’in ancient China is the Malay Tapir that still lives in Asia in modern times.It is not the case when some scholars argue that the‘tapir’in ancient times means pandas.”The discovery of bronze vessels such as“The Tapir-like Bronzeware”in the middle reaches of the Yellow River provides cultural witness of social and cultural progress in the center of civilization.It also shows that the“tapir”still existed in China at that time.Scholar Luo Xiaohua also pointed out:“In terms of time,not only the fossils of the Malay Tapir were unearthed in the Yin ruins,but also the image of the Malay Tapir was preserved in the cultural relics from the Western Zhou dynasty to the Han dynasty.Spatially,the Malay Tapir could survive in Henan and Shandong provinces in ancient China.”According to the physical ev

关 键 词：青铜器 西周 貘 生态环境 野生动物分布 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]