2018-2020年某综合医院医院感染现患率调查  

Investigation of Nosocomial Infection Prevalence Rates in a General Hospital from 2018 to 2020

作　　者：李巧 田娟[1] 张娟[1] 刘小芳[1] LI Qiao;TIAN Juan;ZHANG Juan;LIU Xiao-fang(Administration Department of Nosocomial Infection,the First People's Hospital of Jingmen,Jingmeng 448000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]荆门市第一人民医院医院感染管理科,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《医学信息》2022年第7期155-158,共4页Journal of Medical Information

摘　　要：目的了解2018-2020年医院感染现患率和抗菌药物使用情况,为改进院感染监测方法、制定针对性院感防控措施、提高医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。方法2018-2020年每年选取1 d对某综合医院住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,依照卫生部医院感染诊断标准,运用院感实时监测系统提取数据,并对资料进行统计分析。结果2018-2020年医院感染现患率分别为3.02%、2.12%、2.15%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);医院感染前5的科室为重症医学科(20.75%)、康复医学科(19.51%)、神经外科(10.42%)、急诊病房(10.00%)、血液内科(7.52%);医院感染部位均以下呼吸道感染居首位,其次为泌感染尿道;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主(127株,占62.87%),主要病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、白假丝酵母等;2018-2020年抗菌药物使用率分别为25.86%、22.04%、28.48%,病原学送检率依次为60.43%、59.96%、68.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、是否有泌尿道插管、动静脉插管、使用呼吸机、气管切开间感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该院现患率调查各项数据均在指标控制范围内,今后应重点关注院感高发科室及高风险环节,针对性强化管理,控制医院感染发生。Objective To investigate the nosocomial infection prevalence rate and the use of antibiotics from 2018 to 2020,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the monitoring methods of nosocomial infection,formulating specific prevention and control measures for nosocomial infection,and improving the management level of nosocomial infection.Methods One day a year from 2018 to 2020 was selected to investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients.According to the diagnostic criteria of nosocomial infection of the Ministry of Health,the realtime monitoring system of hospital infection was used to extract and analyze the data.Results The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection from 2018to 2020 was 3.02%,2.12% and 2.15%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The top 5 departments of nosocomial infection were intensive care department(20.75%),rehabilitation department(19.51%),neurosurgery department(10.42%),emergency department(10.00%)and hematology department(7.52%).The nosocomial infection sites were lower respiratory tract infection,followed by urinary tract infection.The main pathogens of nosocomial infection were Gram-negative bacteria(127 strains,accounting for 62.87%),and the main pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,candida albicans,etc.From 2018 to 2020,the utilization rates of antibiotics were 25.86%,22.04% and 28.48%,respectively,and the pathogen detection rates were 60.43%,59.96% and 68.68%,respectively,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in infection rates between genders,ages,urinary tract intubation,arteriovenous intubation,ventilator use and tracheotomy(P<0.05).Conclusion All the data of the current infection rate survey in this hospital are within the index control range.In the future,we should focus on the departments with high incidence of hospital infection and high-risk links,strengthen targeted management,and control the oc

关 键 词：综合医院 医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]