身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述  

Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children:a systematic review

作　　者：钟晓珂 张继 王志鹏 蒋长好[3] ZHONG Xiaoke;ZHANG Ji;WANG Zhipeng;JIANG Changhao(Graduate Department,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Affiliated Pri‐mary School of Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;The Center of Neuroscience and Sports,Capital Universi‐ty of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院研究生部,北京市100191 [2]清华大学附属小学昌平学校,北京市100084 [3]首都体育学院运动脑成像研究中心,北京市100089

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2022年第4期421-428,共8页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目(No.19YTA001);科技创新服务能力建设-高精尖学科建设项目(分类发展)(No.PXM2021_014206_000030)。

摘　　要：目的探讨身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的影响。方法采用主题词检索的方式,在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO等数据库检索身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的相关文献,检索时间为2000年1月至2022年1月。筛选后提取作者、国家、文章发表时间、研究对象年龄、研究方法、干预时间、测量工具以及研究结果等信息,同时采用PEDro量表对文章进行方法学质量评估。结果筛选后纳入12篇文献,来自美国、意大利、比利时和中国4个国家,主要发表在心理、临床医学、神经科学、体育教育等期刊,PEDro量表平均得分为6.67分。研究设计包括随机对照试验和前后测设计两种。研究对象的年龄7~12岁,共909例被试。涉及的身体活动类型包括体能类、技能类和运动项目类。超重儿童参与身体活动的康复效果主要体现在提高认知和脑可塑性两个方面。在认知方面,参与身体活动可以提高超重儿童的注意、记忆、抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。在脑可塑性方面,可以提高大脑白质完整性,增大海马体积,增强大脑激活和大脑网络连接性。结论身体活动是一项简单而又有效的锻炼方式,不仅可以提高超重儿童的注意、记忆、执行功能等认知,还能改善大脑结构和大脑功能。但是这一效应的神经机制、影响因素的交互作用以及量效关系尚待进一步研究。Objective To explore the affect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children.Methods The literatures about the effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children were retrieved with subjected retrieval method in CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database,PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO databases from January,2000 to January,2022.The authors,countries,published years,ages of subjects,research methods,intervention time,measurement tools and measurement indicators were extracted.Results Twelve articles were selected finally.These articles came from United States,Italy,Belgium and China,were mainly published in journals of psychology,clinical medicine,neuroscience,physical education.The study design included randomized controlled trials and pre-post-trial.The mean PEDro score was 6.67.The types of physical activity included fitness,skills and sports activities.The overweight children participating in physical activities could benefit from cognition and brain plasticity.On the cognition,physical activity could improve attention,memory,inhibitory control,working memory and cognitive flexibility.In terms of brain plasticity,physical activity could improve the integrity of brain white matter,increase hippocampal volume,enhance brain activation and brain network connectivity.Conclusion Physical activity is a simple and effective form of exercise.It can improve not only attention,memory,executive function and other cognitive functions,but also brain structure and brain function in overweight children.The mechanism of cognition,the interaction between physical activity and other factors,and the dose-relationship between physical activity and cognitive benefits still need to be explored in the future.

关 键 词：身体活动 超重 儿童 认知 脑 系统综述 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]