潍坊市养老院老年人吞咽障碍与误吸调查  

Investigation on dysphagia and aspiration among the elderly in nursing home in Weifang,Shandong,China

作　　者：张萍萍 张婷[1] 冯海洋 李贞蓉 陈萍 李涛[3] 鲁德志 王孝文[1] ZHANG Pingping;ZHANG Ting;FENG Haiyang;LI Zhenrong;CHEN Ping;LI Tao;LU Dezhi;WANG Xiaowen(Weifang Medical University,Weifang,Shandong 261021,China;Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical Universi‐ty,Weifang,Shandong 261021,China;Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200444,China;Medicine School of Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院,山东潍坊市261021 [2]潍坊医学院附属医院,山东潍坊市261021 [3]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院,上海市200444 [4]上海大学医学院,上海市200444

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2022年第4期467-472,共6页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.81902195);上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院医院管理建设项目(No.CHDI-2021-B-33);潍坊市软科学研究计划项目(No.2021RKX071);潍坊医学院校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.X2021137)。

摘　　要：目的调查潍坊市养老院老年人吞咽障碍与误吸的发生情况及具体表现。方法2021年1月至6月,随机抽取潍坊市10家养老院入住的837位老年人,采用基本情况调查问卷、Fried衰弱表型、Ohkuma问卷和容积-黏度吞咽测试进行调查。结果养老院老年人吞咽障碍与误吸的发生率分别为44.2%、12.3%。不同年龄和健康状况老年人的吞咽障碍发生率有显著性差异(χ^(2)>8.437,P<0.05)。男性吞咽障碍与误吸的发生率均高于女性(χ^(2)>4.060,P<0.05)。男性口腔期吞咽功能障碍发生率显著高于女性,食管期吞咽功能障碍发生率显著低于女性(χ^(2)>20.830,P<0.001)。患有脑卒中、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的老年人以口腔期功能障碍为主(χ^(2)=27.579,P<0.001),患有慢性呼吸道疾病老年人以咽期和气道保护功能障碍为主(χ^(2)>20.241,P<0.01)。结论养老院老年人吞咽障碍与误吸发生率较高,不同性别、基础疾病间的吞咽障碍表现不同。Objective To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of dysphagia and aspiration in the elderly in nursing home in Weifang,Shandong,China.Methods From January to June,2021,837 elderly people from 10 nursing homes in Weifang were randomly selected and investigated with general situation questionnaire,Fried Frailty Phenotype,Ohkuma questionnaire and Volume-Viscosity Swallowing Test.Results The prevalence of dysphagia and aspiration was 44.2%and 12.3%respectively.There were significant differences in the prevalence of dysphagia among ages and health condition(χ;>8.437,P<0.05).The prevalence of dysphagia and aspiration was higher in men than in women(χ;>4.060,P<0.05).The incidence of oral dysphagia was higher in men than in women,and the incidence of esophageal dysphagia was lower(χ;>20.830,P<0.001).Oral dysphagia was predominant in the elderly with stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,and Parkinson’s disease(χ;=27.579,P<0.001),and esophageal dysphagia and airway protection dysfunction were predominant in the elderly with chronic respiratory disease(χ;>20.241,P<0.01).Conclusion The dysphagia and aspiration are prevalent in the elderly in nursing homes,and varies with different genders and basic diseases.

关 键 词：吞咽障碍 误吸 老年人 衰弱 调查 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]