论违约金的司法调整规则  

On the judicial regulation of liquidated damages

作　　者：张革 张天石 

机构地区：[1]湖北省黄石市人民检察院第五检察部,湖北黄石435000 [2]湖北中和信律师事务所,武汉430000

出　　处：《理论观察》2022年第2期116-121,共6页Theoretic Observation

摘　　要：违约金设立的初衷本是促使当事人忠诚履行合同义务并且在出现违约行为时让守约方能够高效取得救济,但违约金金额约定不当有时也会使合同履行过程中出现新的矛盾。在此基础上,《中华人民共和国民法典》第585条规定了违约金的司法调整规则,虽然同时对违约金的司法调整作出了相关规定,但在违约金的司法调整过程中仍然存在诸如违约金调整时应有的法定程序、违约金调整时应当参考的要素等在具体适用上的问题。所以只有在以违约金司法调整规则为研究对象的前提下,厘清对该问题的相关争议,才能够对司法裁判产生积极的指导价值。The original intention of the establishment of liquidated damages is to promote the parties to faithfully perform their contractual obligations and enable the non-breaching party to obtain effective relief in the event of breach of contract.However,improper agreement of liquidated damages amount will sometimes cause new contradictions in the process of contract performance.On this basis,Article 585 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China stipulates the judicial adjustment rules of liquidated damages,although relevant provisions are made on the judicial adjustment of liquidated damages at the same time.However,there are still some problems in the judicial adjustment of liquidated damages,such as the legal procedure of liquidated damages adjustment and the reference factors of liquidated damages adjustment.Therefore,only on the premise of taking the liquidated damages judicial adjustment rules as the research object,clarifying the relevant disputes on this issue can have positive guiding value for judicial judgment.

关 键 词：违约金 司法调整 意思自治 违约金性质 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]