细胞骨架调控大脑皮层神经元迁移机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Cytoskeleton in Regulating the Migration of Cortical Neurons

作　　者：王舒婷 熊欣欣 刘媛媛[1,2,3] Wang Shuting;Xiong Xinxin;Liu Yuanyuan(School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanning 530021,China;Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application,Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education,Nanning 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学基础医学院,南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学再生医学与医用生物资源开发应用省部共建协同创新中心,南宁530021 [3]广西医科大学长寿与老年相关疾病教育部重点实验室,南宁530021

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（医学版）》2022年第2期281-286,共6页Acta Medicinae Universitatis Scientiae et Technologiae Huazhong

基　　金：广西自然科学基金面上项目(No.2017GXNSFAA198054)。

摘　　要：在大脑皮层的发育过程中,神经元迁移是一个关键环节,主要分为放射状迁移和切向迁移两种类型。这两者都涉及前导突的形成以及细胞或胞核的移动等因素。在这些生物学过程中,微丝、微管和中间纤维三种细胞骨架发挥着至关重要的调控作用。其中,微丝由肌动蛋白单体聚合而成,可维持前导突的结构并确定迁移的方向;微管由α、β、γ三种微管蛋白聚合形成,可以促进细胞核的扭曲、延长和移位;中间纤维由中间纤维单体组成,能够介导神经元胞体转移过程中前导端的扭曲。同时,多种小分子蛋白也通过作用于细胞骨架的结构或功能从而参与调控神经元的迁移。该文围绕神经元迁移这一重要的生物学现象,就细胞骨架、细胞骨架的相关蛋白及其调控因子在大脑皮层神经元迁移过程中的作用,对这一领域的研究现状和发展趋势进行综述。这将有助于我们更好地理解神经系统发育的原理,并为相关疾病发病机制研究及药物靶点开发提供科学基础。Neuron migration is an essential step in the development of cortex.The way of migration can be divided into radial migration and tangential migration,both of which involve the formation of anterior process and the movement of cell body or the nucleus.During these biological processes,the cytoskeleton composed of microfilament,microtubule and intermediate fiber plays an important regulatory role.Microfilaments,which are made up of actin monomers,can maintain the structure of the anterior process and determine the migrating orientation.Microtubules,which are formed by polymerization ofα,βandγmicrotubulins,can promote the distortion,lengthening and displacement of the nucleus.The intermediate filaments,which are formed by several monomers,mediate the distortion of the anterior process during cell body transfer.At the same time,many regulatory proteins are involved in the regulation of neuronal migration by altering structure and function of cytoskeleton.This article briefly reviewed the current research progress on the specific roles of cytoskeleton,cytoskeleton related proteins and the regulatory factors during the progress of neuronal migration in cerebral cortex.This will help us understand the principle of neurodevelopment better and provide novel insights into research on the pathogenesis of related diseases as well as potential therapeutic strategies.

关 键 词：细胞骨架 大脑皮层 神经元迁移 

分 类 号：Q245[生物学—细胞生物学] Q421