主动发现对南疆四地州肺结核疫情的影响  

The impact of active case-finding on tuberculosis epidemic in four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王明哲 刘年强[1] 凯德丽艳·阿布都外力 王新旗[1] 黄飞[2] WANG Ming-zhe;LIU Nian-qiang;Kaideliyan Abuduwaili;WANG Xin-qi;HUANG Fei(Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi 830002,China;National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2022年第5期460-466,共7页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

摘　　要：目的:了解主动筛查对南疆四地州(阿克苏地区、和田地区、喀什地区和克州)肺结核疫情的影响。方法:通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》子系统《结核病管理信息系统》收集2016—2020年南疆四地州报告的肺结核发病数据,分析主动筛查期间(2018—2019年)和主动筛查前(2016—2017年)肺结核发病率,不同性别、年龄组人群的发病率,不同职业发病比例。通过自行设计的调查问卷向抽取的77名结核病防治人员进行调查,了解其对主动筛查和新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)应对的态度和建议。共发出77份问卷,收回77份问卷,有效问卷回收率为100%。结果:南疆四地州主动筛查前年均发病率为389.47/10万(73898/1897.41万)较主动筛查期间的489.64/10万(96341/1967.58万)升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2210.320,P<0.05)。性别年龄分布上,男性发病率531.17/10万(52304/984.70万)较主动筛查前390.36/10万(37503/960.74万)升高36.07%,女性发病率448.04/10万(44037/982.88万)较主动筛查前388.56/10万(36395/936.67万)升高15.31%。15~24岁、25~34岁、35~44岁年龄组发病率较主动筛查前分别升高66.30%、50.37%、49.18%。职业分布上,农民、家务及待业、学生构成由主动筛查前分别为86.14%(63646/73898)、4.83%(3571/73898)、1.17%(866/73898),主动筛查期间分别为87.40%(84201/96341)、5.40%(5202/96341)、1.68%(1623/96341)。89.61%(69/77)的受调查者认为主动筛查能快速降低结核病疫情,93.51%(72/77)的受调查者认为新冠肺炎疫情防控对结核病防治工作产生了不同程度影响。结论:主动筛查为南疆四地州提早发现了更多的肺结核患者,减少了肺结核的传播,有利于当地结核病疫情的快速下降。Objective:To know the impact of active case-finding(ACF)on tuberculosis epidemic in Southern Xinjiang(Aksu Prefecture,Hotan Prefecture,Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture).Methods:By using the reported tuberculosis cases in the National Infectious Disease Reporting and Management System between 2016 and 2020,we analyzed the tuberculosis reported incidences of different age groups,sex,and proportion of case occupations,compared data of ACF period(2018-2019)and pre-ACF period(2016-2017).In addition,77 tuberculosis prevention health care worker were surveyed to get their attitudes and suggestions about ACF and the impact of COVID-19 response on tuberculosis control by self-designed questionnaire.A total of 77 questionnaires were sent out and 77 were retrieved(100%valid).Results:The average annual incidence in Southern Xinjiang increased from 389.47/100000(73898/18974100)in pre-ACF period to 489.64/100000(96341/19675800)during the ACF period,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=2210.320,P<0.05).In terms of gender and age distribution,the incidence rate of male was 531.17/100000(52304/9847000)during ACF period,which was 36.07%higher than that of the pre-ACF period(390.36/100000,37503/9607400).The incidence of female was 448.04/100000(44037/9828800)during ACF period,which was 15.31%higher than that of the pre-ACF period(388.56/100000,36395/9366700).The incidence rates of 15-24,25-34,and 35-44 age groups increased by 66.30%,50.37%,and 49.18%,respectively during ACF period.In terms of occupational distribution,the proportion of farmers,houseworkers/unemployed,and students changed from 86.14%(63646/73898),4.83%(3571/73898),1.17%(866/73898)to 87.40%(84201/96341),5.40%(5202/96341),1.68%(1623/96341)respectively.89.61%(69/77)of respondents thought ACF can help reduce tuberculosis epidemic quickly,93.51%(72/77)of respondents thought COVID-19 responses have impacts on tuberculosis epidemic.Conclusion:ACF has detected more tuberculosis patients in southern Xinjiang,reduced the transmission

关 键 词：结核 肺/预防和控制 多相筛查 对比研究 调查问卷 新疆[维吾尔自治区] 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]