级差会话隐涵推理的若干问题探析  

On Some Issues of Inference of Scalar Conversational Implicature

作　　者：杨先顺[1] YANG Xianshun

机构地区：[1]暨南大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期40-48,共9页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：本文以问题为导向,探讨了级差会话隐涵4个令人棘手的问题,分别是:级差会话隐涵是规约隐涵还是非规约隐涵?级差会话隐涵所隐涵的内容究竟是什么?不具有蕴涵关系的级差能产生级差会话隐涵吗? Horn级差中的词语出现在句子的不同位置能否产生相同的级差会话隐涵?针对上述问题,本文认为,级差会话隐涵是非规约隐涵;从内容看级差会话隐涵可分为确定的和不确定的两种,确定的级差会话隐涵为:K?ψ,不确定的级差会话隐涵为:?Kψ?;级差会话隐涵必须要求包含相关词语的语句具有直接的或间接的蕴涵关系(也可是弱蕴涵关系);Horn级差中的词语如出现在句子的不同位置有时会出现“Horn级差逆转现象”,产生不同的级差会话隐涵。Guided by key issues,this paper discusses four thorny problems of scalar(quantity)conversational implicature: 1) Is a scalar conversational implicature conventional or non-conventional?2) What is the implicated content of a scalar conversational implicature? 3) Can the scales without implication produce a scalar conversational implicature? 4) Can the words in Horn scales appearing in different positions of a sentence produce the same scalar conversational implicature? For these issues,this paper holds that scalar conversational implicatures are non-conventional. Seen from content perspective,scalar conversational implicatures can be divided into two types,which are respectively the definite type and indefinite type. The common form of definite type is K?ψ,and the common form of indefinite type is ?Kψ?.Scalar conversational implicatures must require that the sentences containing related words have direct or indirect implications( or weak implications). If the words in Horn scales appear in different positions of a sentence,there will be a “reversal phenomenon of horn scales ” from time to time,resulting in different scalar conversational implicatures.

关 键 词：语用逻辑 级差会话隐涵 Horn级差 非规约隐涵 蕴涵 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]