燃煤机组耦合农林生物质发电技术现状及展望  

Current status of power generation technology of the agriculture and forest biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants

作　　者：郭慧娜 吴玉新[1,2] 王学斌[3] 王志超[4] 张缦[1,2] 黄中[1,2] GUO Huina;WU Yuxin;WANG Xuebin;WANG Zhichao;ZHANG Man;HUANG Zhong(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tsinghua Univergity,Beijing 100084,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China;Xi′an Thermal Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京100084 [3]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西西安710049 [4]西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2022年第3期12-22,共11页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：清华大学-中国华能集团有限公司基础能源联合研究院资助项目(HNKJ20-H50)。

摘　　要：燃煤机组耦合生物质发电具有改造成本低、调峰灵活、运行安全等特点,是双碳形势下火电机组减少碳排放,提高可再生能源发电比例的有效途径。目前,我国燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术的应用非常有限。为进一步发挥生物质等清洁零碳的可再生能源在我国新型电力系统中的作用,同时利用燃煤机组灵活可调度的优势,详细调研了我国生物质资源现状、燃煤机组和生物质的耦合方式、国内外典型燃煤机组耦合生物质发电项目的运行情况。指出我国生物质尤其是农林废弃物存在较大资源浪费,燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术在国外尤其是欧洲国家已得到大规模应用,国内目前尚未应用于大型机组。梳理了燃煤机组直燃耦合生物质发电技术目前面临的挑战,主要包括稳定低成本的生物质原料供应和加工流程尚未形成、高比例掺烧缺乏成熟技术、受热面沾污腐蚀问题亟待解决、掺烧时生物质发电量的计量尚未形成标准等。为提高大型燃煤机组灵活性、降低CO_(2)排放量,未来需在以下几方面做出努力:通过在电厂周边或边际土地上种植某些能源作物保证生物质原料的相对单一性和稳定性,避免原料性质变化太大对机组运行的影响;发展高比例生物质耦合发电技术,保证煤与生物质掺混比例灵活可调;探索更先进的生物质发电计量方式,以此确定生物质掺烧合理的补贴及运营方式,加快形成具有竞争力的、可复制、可传播的生物质发电循环经济链;按照掺烧比例由低到高开展工程示范项目,并探索生物质结合碳捕集与封存技术在火力发电厂中的应用,逐步将火电机组从原料减碳过渡到原料脱碳直至烟气脱碳。Biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants has the advantages of low conversion cost,flexible peak shaving,and safe operation.It is an effective way for the power plant to reduce CO_(2) emissions and increase the proportion of renewable energy in power generation un⁃der the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.At present,the application of biomass co-firing in coal-fired units for power generation in China is still very limited.To further play the role of biomass,a clean and zero-carbon renewable energy,in the new power system,and at the same time take advantage of the flexible coal-fired units,the current status of biomass resources in China,the co-firing options of biomass with coal for coal-fired boilers,and the operation of typical co-firing projects at home and abroad were investigated in detail.It is pointed out that there is a large waste of resources,especially in agriculture and forestry.Biomass co-firing technology in coal-fired units has been widely used abroad,especially in European countries,but has not been applied to large units in China.Some challenges faced by the direct combustion coupled biomass power generation technology of coal-fired units were summarized,including the stable and low-cost biomass raw material supply and process have not yet been formed,mature technology for high-proportion co-firing has not yet been devel⁃oped,contamination and corrosion on heating surfaces need to be solved urgently,the measurement standards about biomass power genera⁃tion in co-firing have not yet formed a standard.To improve the flexibility of large-scale coal-fired power plants and reduce CO_(2) emis⁃sions,efforts should be made in the following aspects in the future.By planting energy crops around power plants and on the marginal land,the relative unity and stability of biomass raw materials can be ensured,to avoid the influence of large changes in the properties of raw ma⁃terials on the operation of the unit.It is necessary to develop high-proportion biomass co-firing technology to en

关 键 词：燃煤锅炉 生物质 耦合发电 碳减排 大型燃煤机组 直燃发电 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]