质量橱窗:近代博览会与中国外贸茶的品质兴衰  

Quality Window: Modern Expo and the Rise and Fall of the Quality of China’s Foreign Trade Tea

作　　者：宋时磊[1,2] 颜婷婷 Song Shilei;Yan Tingting

机构地区：[1]武汉大学茶文化研究中心 [2]汉语写作研究中心 [3]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2022年第2期101-110,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中日应对西方茶叶贸易规制路径比较研究”(项目编号:16CSS012)。

摘　　要：博览会是近代世界一体化和资本主义工商业加速发展的结果,特别是民族国家发展和竞争的产物。在承担商品展示与贸易、技术扩散和文化交流功能之外,博览会还具有展示出品优劣、促进产品改良、树立国家质量形象的作用,这即本研究提出的“质量橱窗”的内容。以近代中国最为大宗的商品——茶叶为例,从中国茶叶在世博会的早期展出、救亡图存背景下世博会参展以及举办本土博览会三个时间段,分析博览会所展现出的中国外贸茶的品质变迁。在早期的世博会上,茶叶是中国馆的重要展品,引发国外消费者兴趣,但茶叶品质下滑的问题受到关注。在筹办参加国外博览会时,晚清朝廷开始注重筹划组织,在巴拿马太平洋万国博览会等赛事上中国茶叶获奖颇丰。在本土举办赛会时,博览会的质量橱窗的示范效应更加明晰,本文为此重点分析了南洋劝业会中茶叶的品质问题。Expo is the outcome of modern world integration and the accelerated development of capitalist industry and commerce, especially the product of competition and development among nations. In addition to undertaking the functions of commodity display and trade, technology diffusion and cultural exchange, the Expo also has the functions of displaying the advantages and disadvantages of products, promoting product improvement and establishing a country’s product quality image, which is the connotation of "quality window" proposed in this study. Taking the most bulk commodity tea in modern China as an example, this paper analyzes the quality changes of China’s foreign trade tea shown by the Expo from three periods: the early exhibition of Chinese tea in the World Expo, expo participation in the context of national salvation and the holding of the local Expo. In the early World Expo, tea was an important exhibit of the China Pavilion, which aroused the interest of foreign consumers, but the decline of tea quality attracted attention. When preparing to participate in foreign expositions, the late Qing government began to pay attention to the systematical organization, and achieved a lot in expositions such as Panama-Pacific International Exposition. When the local expositions were held, the demonstration effect of the quality window of the Expo was clearer. Therefore, this paper focuses on the quality of tea in Nanyang Commodity Exposition.

关 键 词：近代博览会 茶叶外贸 茶叶质量 质量橱窗 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]