沙特阿拉伯社会转型中的精英集团与王权政治  

Analysis of Elite Groups and Monarchy Politics in the Social Transformation of Saudi Arabia

作　　者：韩小婷 王铁铮[2] Han Xiaoting;Wang Tiezheng

机构地区：[1]陕西学前师范学院历史文化与旅游学院 [2]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2022年第2期47-73,157,共28页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“沙特阿拉伯王国精英集团与王权政治研究”(16YJC770007);国家社科基金重点项目“海湾国家的家族统治与君主制政体嬗变史比较研究”(21ASS005)的研究成果。

摘　　要：沙特阿拉伯的家族统治和伊斯兰君主制是一种独特的政治形态,在中东尤其是海湾国家具有典型性。二战结束以来,伴随石油工业的崛起,沙特在原有社会结构和传统精英集团的基础上,衍生出一些新的精英阶层,它们在王国的政治、经济和社会发展中扮演不同角色。沙特不同精英集团形成和发展及其各种互动关系的变化,可以通过同心环圈层模型为主体框架加以分析:基于历史上形成的家族统治传统和牢固的政教联盟赋予沙特家族“王权神授”的“合法性”,作为核心精英集团的沙特王室始终主导它同其他精英集团的互动关系,而后者由于自身的各种局限,总体上处于依从地位。与此同时,核心精英集团也借助它所掌控的资源,并通过不断的渐进改革,对王权进行必要的改良和适度的权力让渡,以顺应时代发展,迎合民意诉求,维系王权的长治久安。Saudi Arabia’s family ruling and Islamic monarchy is a unique political form,which is typical in the Middle East and Gulf countries.Since the end of World War II,with the rise of the oil industry,some new elites have been derived from Saudi Arabia’s original social structure and traditional elite classes and they play different roles in the political,economic and social development of the country.This article uses a model of concentric circles to comprehensively analyze the formation and development of different Saudi elite groups and the changes in their various interactive relationships.Based on the family ruling tradition formed in history and the“legitimacy”of Divine Rights of the King given by the solid political-religious alliance,the Saudi royal family,the core of all elite groups,always dominates its interactions with other groups,which are generally in a subordinate position because of their various innate limitations.At the same time,the core elite group,with the help of the resources it controls and through continuous and gradual reforms,appropriately transfers national rights and interests to other elite groups,in order to conform to the development of the times,cater to the demands of the people,and maintain the long-term stability of the monarch’s power.

关 键 词：社会转型 沙特王国 精英集团 王权政治 同心环圈层 

分 类 号：D738.4[政治法律—政治学]