日美同盟视角下日本的中东外交——自主外交与同盟义务的矛盾与协调  被引量:6

Contradiction and Compatibility between Autonomous Diplomacy and Alliance Obligations:Japan’s Middle East Diplomacy from the Perspective of Alliance

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作  者:程蕴 Cheng Yun

机构地区:[1]南开大学日本研究院

出  处:《西亚非洲》2022年第2期102-118,158,159,共19页West Asia and Africa

基  金:天津市哲学社会科学一般项目“战后日本中东外交研究”(TJSL19-002)阶段性研究成果。

摘  要:如何既能发挥结盟的优势又能保持外交的自主性,是非对称性同盟中弱势一方经常面临的课题。战后日本中东外交的发展历程,向我们展示了三种不同情况下日本谋求自主外交与同盟义务兼容的典型案例。第一种情况是威胁情境下,弱势一方陷入被牵连的恐惧。在这种情况下,日本通过议题分割和降低美国对其自主外交的敏感性,成功实现了二者的协调。第二种情况是在共同利益情境下,弱势一方采取搭便车的结盟政策。乍看起来这种模式下的自主外交与同盟义务似乎并不存在矛盾。但这一“借船出海”的方式并没有为日本在中东扩展影响力带来多少实质性帮助,反而使日本的自主外交面临被同盟义务吞噬的风险。第三种情况是在共同利益情境下,弱势一方采取主动寻求定义同盟战略的结盟政策。通过将“反恐战争”同盟调整为“公共产品提供者”同盟,日本虽然在短期内实现了自主外交与同盟义务的协调,但由于美国与伊朗矛盾的激化,这一方式是否能够持续还取决于后来政治家的外交手腕。How to make use of advantages of the alliance while maintaining the autonomy of diplomacy is a common problem often faced by the weak party in an asymmetric alliance.From the development of Japan’s Middle East diplomacy after the WW II,we can find three typical cases that Japan seeks the compatibility between autonomous diplomacy and alliance obligations in different situations.The first is the threat situation,in which the weak party is in fear of entrapment.In this context,Japan has tried to limit its commitment to the alliance to a certain extent and to pursue freedom of diplomatic action beyond the limit.Through issue segmentation and making the US less sensitive to Japan’s diplomacy,Japan finally succeeds in achieving its goal.The second is that in the context of common interests,the weak party adopts a free-riding strategy.Such free-riding strategy does not substantially help Japan expand its influence in the Middle East.Instead,Japan’s autonomous diplomacy faces the fate of being swallowed up by the alliance obligations.The third situation is also in the context of common interests,but the weak party takes the initiative to redefine the alliance.By adjusting the“war on terror”alliance to the“public goods provider”alliance,Japan has realized the coordination of autonomous diplomacy and alliance obligations in a short time,but due to the intensification of the contradiction between the United States and Iran,whether this approach can be sustained still depends on the diplomatic skills of later politicians.

关 键 词:日本的中东外交 非对称性同盟 自主外交 同盟义务 同盟战略 

分 类 号:D831.3[政治法律—政治学]

 

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