我国尾矿库事故致灾机理分析及防范对策  

Mechanism analysis of disaster caused by failure of tailings pond and its precautions

作　　者：郭廷亭 赵周能[1] Guo Tingting;Zhao Zhouneng(School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2022年第4期31-34,共4页Industrial Minerals & Processing

摘　　要：尾矿库是一个具有极高势能的人造危险源,一旦发生事故,后果往往极为严重。通过分析我国自2001年以来的尾矿库事故起数和死亡人数可知,事故原因主要有渗透破坏、洪水漫顶、坝体失稳和地震灾害,其中渗透破坏和洪水漫顶需要重点关注;阐述了4种事故原因对应的致灾机理,并从工程措施和应急管理两个方面提出了防范对策,以期为我国尾矿库事故预防和应急救援提供参考。Tailings pond is a man-made hazardous source with high potential energy.Event of an accident,will result in significant losses.Through the analysis of the number of accidents and deaths resulted from the failure of tailings pond since 2001,the major causes included seepage,flooding,instability of the tailings dam and earthquake.Much attention should be paid to the breakage of tailings dam due to the seepage and flooding.The mechanism of the disaster with four causes was discussed.Some precautions on engineering actions to be taken and emergency management plan were provided for reference in the performance of accident prevention and emergency rescue work.

关 键 词：尾矿库 溃坝事故 致灾机理 渗透破坏 洪水漫顶 坝体失稳 地震灾害 应急管理 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]