百余年来中国民族史编法讨论——从罗香林对王桐龄《中国民族史》的评议说起  

The Discussion over One Hundred Years on the Compilation of Chinese National History:Starting from Luo Xianglin’s罗香林Comments on Wang Tongling’s王桐龄Zhongguo Minzu Shi中国民族史

作　　者：冯建勇[1] Feng Jianyong

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学边疆研究院,浙江省金华市321004

出　　处：《民族研究》2022年第1期133-142,M0005,共11页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院中国历史研究院《(新编)中国通史》“中国疆域史卷”阶段性研究成果;浙江大学“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”研究培育基地课题“中国历史上中央王朝与地方政权的关系研究”资助。

摘　　要：贯通式的“中国民族史”的编著,孕育于近代中国民族国家构建、中西之学交相激荡的时代,自清末发轫,迄今已有上百年历史。王桐龄著《中国民族史》(1928年)系中国较早冠名“中国民族史”并系统叙述“中国民族史”的通史体、综论性著述。该书出版后,罗香林对其进行了学术评议,提出从“纵的叙述”和“横的叙述”两个面向推进中国民族史研究。梳理20世纪30年代中国民族史研究的学术史可以发现,罗香林有关中国民族史“编法”的建议与后来一些学者对中国民族史的认知和书写不谋而合。以王著《中国民族史》修订版(1934年)为例,该书尽可能在既有研究框架范围内重建各民族间交往交流交融的历史脉络,表明王桐龄一直在探索适宜的中国民族史“编法”,加强了中国民族史“横的叙述”;吕思勉、宋文炳、林惠祥等著《中国民族史》,则将诸民族史“各为专传”,推进了对各民族历史的“纵的叙述”。时至今日,为阐明“历史时期各民族交往交流交融以汇聚成多元一体中华民族的历史”,罗香林提出的“两种面向、三个问题”,尤其是有关加强“横的叙述”之建议,对于新时代中国民族史研究的开展仍具重要启发意义。The writings of the general historic book about the Chinese nation and nationalities which began in the later Qing Dynasty when the Chinese modern nation began to establish while the West and Chinese culture were confronted with each other,have had a history of over one hundred years.In these writings,Zhongguo Minzu Shi(on the cover of the book,its English name is The History of the Races of China)by Wang Tongling in 1928was one of the early general history books.After the publish of the book,Luo Xianglin made an academic evaluation on it and proposed to promote the study of Chinese national history from the two aspects of"vertical narration"and"horizontal narration."Combing the academic history of the study of Chinese national history in the 1930s,we can find that Luo Xianglin’s suggestion on the"compilation approach"of Chinese national history and some later scholars’cognition and writing of Chinese national history coincide to some extent.Taking the revised version of Wang’s Zhongguo Minzu Shi(1934)as an example,the book tried to reconstruct the historical context of exchanges and communication among various nationalities within the research framework.It suggests that Wang Tongling had been exploring an appropriate"compilation approach"of Chinese national history,and the"horizontal narration"of Chinese national history had been strengthened.And LüSimian吕思勉,Song Wenbing宋文炳,Lin Huixiang林惠祥,etc.wrote The History of Chinese Nationalities,which"makes the history of each ethnic group a special chapter"and promoted the"vertical narration"of the history of each ethnic group.Up to now,in order to clarify"the history of the Chinese nation in which all ethnic groups communicated and blended in order to converge into a pluralistic integration in the historical period,"Luo Xianglin’s"two orientations and three problems,"especially the suggestion on strengthening"horizontal narration,"still have important enlightening significance for the research of Chinese national history in the new era.

关 键 词：中国民族史 编法 “纵的叙述” “横的叙述” 历史观 

分 类 号：K28[历史地理—历史学]