基于植物多样性的北京市湿地生态质量评价  

Ecological Quality Assessment of the Wetlands in Beijing:Based on Plant Diversity

作　　者：李果[1,2] 孙光 赵梓伊[1,3] 刘冬梅 肖能文[1] 赵志平[1] 罗遵兰[1,2] LI Guo;SUN Guang;ZHAO Zi-yi;LIU Dong-mei;XIAO Neng-wen;ZHAO Zhi-ping;LUO Zun-lan(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012 [2]国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第4期1988-1996,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0503802);北京市生态环境局北京市生物多样性调查及评估项目;生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：湿地植物多样性反映着湿地生态环境状况,并对维持湿地生态系统功能和服务至关重要.为掌握北京市湿地植物多样性现状并评估湿地生态质量状况,对北京市22处湿地植物多样性进行了调查,并结合遥感数据,从湿地植物的生境状况、物种多样性、群落典型性和外来种侵入度等4个方面建立指标开展评估,并分析生态环境因子和人类活动因子对湿地植物物种组成及多样性的影响.共调查到北京市湿地植物74科220属338种(含变种和亚种),植物组成表现出中心城区-城市平原区-生态涵养区的空间格局.生态涵养区湿地的生态质量总体上优于城市平原区湿地和中心城区公园湿地.生态质量综合指数值最高的前五处湿地为白河、怀沙河-怀九河、金牛湖、汉石桥湿地和永定河门头沟段,而城市平原区河流型湿地的生态质量综合指数值相对较低.典范对应分析结果显示,距离最近道路距离、水体总氮含量和生态绿地面积占比是影响区域湿地植物物种组成的主要因子,典型相关分析结果显示,建设用地面积占比和水体总有机碳含量是影响湿地植物多样性的主要因子.人类活动强度和水质状况对区域湿地植物多样性及生态质量影响较大,需重点加强城市平原区河流型湿地生态恢复与保护.Wetland plant diversity reveals key aspects of the environmental and ecological status of wetlands and plays an important role in the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services.The present study surveyed the plant species diversity of 22 wetlands in Beijing and,combining field data and remote sensing data,evaluated ecological qualities of the wetlands based on indicators of habitat status,plant species diversity,typical wetland plant community,and status of alien plant invasion.A total of 338 species(including varieties and subspecies)belonging to 220 genera of 74 families of wetland plants were recorded in Beijing.The wetlands could be divided into four types according to plant species composition,which showed a spatial gradient pattern from urban core to ecological conservation areas.Wetlands located in ecological conservation areas were of better ecological quality than those located in urban core and suburban plain areas.The value of ecological quality index(EQI)for Baihe River,Huaishahe-Huaijiuhe River,Jinniu Lake,Hanshiqiao Wetland,and Yongdinghe River(Mentougou Section)were in the top five,whereas the value of EQI for river-type wetlands located in suburban plain areas were relatively lower.The results of the canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting wetland plant species composition were the distance to the nearest road,water total nitrogen,and area percentage of ecological green land.Furthermore,the results of the canonical correlation analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting wetland plant species diversity were the area percentage of construction land and water total organic carbon.Human activity intensity and water quality have a strong impact on the plant diversity and ecological quality of wetlands in Beijing.It is suggested that efforts should be made to strengthen the ecological protection and restoration of the river-type wetlands located in suburban plain areas.

关 键 词：湿地 生态质量 植物多样性 北京市 影响因素 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]