矿区周边农田土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价  

Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils Around Mining Areas and Pollution Assessment

作　　者：王海洋[1] 韩玲[1,2] 谢丹妮 胡慧娟 刘志恒[3] 王祯[1] WANG Hai-yang;HAN Ling;XIE Dan-ni;HU Hui-juan;LIU Zhi-heng;WANG Zhen(School of Land Engineering,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,Xi'an 710075,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [2]陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710075 [3]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710064

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第4期2104-2114,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4217011013);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(300102351401)。

摘　　要：为探索潼关矿区周边农田土壤重金属的空间分布及其生态风险,于2020年9月采集了潼关矿区周边的地表土壤样本,分析了样本中Pb、Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni、Zn和As这8种重金属元素的含量和分布特征,利用内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数评价了土壤污染程度.结果表明,该地区8种重金属元素的含量均超标,超标率分别为97.91%、84.79%、100%、95.41%、96.87%、98.54%、91.45%和28.95%.8种重金属元素的变异系数大小为:Hg>Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Cr,其中Hg、Pb、Cu、Cd和Zn的变异系数均大于1,相关性分析表明这5种重金属相关性明显;在空间分布上,土壤重金属中Pb、Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn和As这6种元素呈斑块状分布,Cr和Ni呈片状分布,Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn这5种重金属元素的高值主要分布在研究区南部和中部;内梅罗综合污染指数显示重度污染率达到87.91%,中度污染率和轻度污染率分别为9.58%和2.5%,因此整体处于重度污染.潜在生态风险指数显示Hg、Cd、Pb和Cu为主要风险元素,总的潜在生态风险指数显示达到强污染的样点比率为97.08%,其中极强、很强和强污染的样点占比分别为55.63%、27.08%和14.37%,表明研究区潜在生态风险总体很强.综合两种污染评价方法可知潼关县矿区周边重金属污染严重,主要造成污染的重金属为Hg、Cd和Pb.研究成果可为区域污染治理、土壤修复及生态保护提供数据支撑.建议未来应持续监测土壤重金属污染状态及其在不同介质中的形态转化.In order to explore the spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil around Tongguan Mining area,surface soil samples from Tongguan Mining area were collected in September 2020,and the contents and distribution characteristics of eight heavy metals(Pb,Cu,Cd,Hg,Cr,Ni,Zn,and As)in the samples were analyzed.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate soil pollution.The results showed that the contents of the eight types of heavy metal elements in this area exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rates were 97.91%,84.79%,100%,95.41%,96.87%,98.54%,91.45%,and 28.95%,respectively.The variation coefficients of the eight heavy metals were ranked as Hg>Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Cr.The variation coefficients of Hg,Pb,Cu,Cd,and Zn were all greater than 1.Correlation analysis showed that these five heavy metals were obviously correlated.In terms of spatial distribution,Pb,Cd,Cu,Hg,Zn,and As were distributed in patches,whereas Cr and Ni were distributed in flakes.The high values of Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were mainly distributed in the southern and central part of the study area.The comprehensive pollution of Nemerow showed that the severe pollution rate reached 87.91%,and the moderate pollution rate and the mild pollution rate were 9.58%and 2.5%,respectively;thus,the overall pollution was severe.The potential ecological risk index showed that Hg,Cd,Pb,and Cu were the main risk elements.The total potential ecological risk index showed that the proportion of samples with strong pollution was 97.08%,and the proportion of extremely strongly,very strongly,and strongly polluted samples were 55.63%,27.08%,and 14.37%,respectively,indicating that the overall potential ecological risk in the study area was very strong.Combining the two pollution assessment methods,it can be seen that the heavy metal pollution around Tongguan mining area,primarily by Hg,Cd,and Pb,was serious.These results can provide data support for regional pollution control,soil remediation,and e

关 键 词：潼关矿区 土壤重金属 空间分布 污染评价 来源分析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]