沙质农田油沙豆保护性耕作优化模式的风洞模拟试验  

Shelter efficiency of conservation tillage model in Cyperus esculentus in sandy farmland

作　　者：莎日娜 于明含 丁国栋 赵媛媛 赛克 张个兴 SHA Rina;YU Minghan;DING Guodong;ZHAO Yuanyuan;SAI Ke;ZHANG Gexing(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert,Yanchi 751500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,盐池751500

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第4期87-94,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507601)资助。

摘　　要：油沙豆(Cyperus esculentus)作为生物治沙中的新兴热点物种,具有较强的适应性,可在我国北方沙漠化地区广泛引种种植,但由于其块茎作物在采收过程中会扰动表层土壤,引发风蚀危害,因此,为探究沙质农田油沙豆保护性耕作模式,文中基于风洞模拟试验,以乌兰布和沙漠油沙豆现有种植模式为基础进行情景设计,探究了不同风速条件下的12种条带采收模式(4种采收宽度×3种留茬宽度)及全部留茬免采收模式的防风蚀效果。结果表明:1)各保护性耕作模式在不同风速下的风速廓线均呈对数函数。全部留茬免采收及留茬3垄采收3垄模式的地表粗糙度最大,留茬1垄采收12垄的地表粗糙度最小,且粗糙度随留茬垄数的增加而增大。2)各保护性耕作模式在不同风速下的流场结构分布特征具有相似性,且近地表有效防风距离均约为8m(即9垄)。3)不同保护性耕作模式的防风效能大小为:全部留茬免采收>留茬3垄>留茬2垄>留茬1垄,其中,留茬2垄采收9垄模式是带状留茬模式中兼顾经济效益和生态效益的最优模式,可实现近地表防风效能达到40%以上。研究结果为沙漠地区油沙豆种植的防风减蚀采收管理提供实践指导。To explore the conservation tillage effect of Cyperus esculentus on wind erosion control in sandy farmland,in this research,the shelter efficiency of 12 strip harvesting modes(4 kinds of harvest width×3 kinds of stubble width)and no-harvest modes under four axial wind speeds of 6,8,12,and 16 m/s were explored based on wind tunnel test.The result showed that the wind velocity profiles in conservation tillage modes under different wind speeds were in line with logarithmic functions.The aerodynamic roughness of no harvest mode and stubble 3 ridges and harvest 3 ridges mode was the largest,the aerodynamic roughness of stubble 1 ridge and harvest 12 ridges was the smallest,and the aerodynamic roughness increased with the increase of the stubble ridge number.The wind velocity flow distribution characteristics of the conservation tillage modes under different wind speeds were similar,and the effective wind control distance was 8 m(that was 9 stubble ridges)near the surface.The order of shelter efficiency under different conservation tillage modes was no harvest>stubble 3 ridges>stubble 2 ridges>stubble 1 ridge.Among them,the stubble 2 ridges and harvest 9 ridges mode which took into account economic and ecological benefits that could achieve more than 40%shelter efficiency near the surface was the best mode.The results of this study provided practical guidance for wind erosion control and harvest management of Cyperus esculentus planting in the arid and semi-arid area.

关 键 词：油沙豆 保护性耕作 风洞试验 流场结构 防风效能 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]