免耕对不同麦玉轮作方式土壤真菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of no tillage on soil fungi community structure in different wheat-maize rotations

作　　者：田琨 杨彩红[1] TIAN Kun;YANG Caihong(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第4期142-148,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41561062);甘肃省自然科学基金(18JR3RA176)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨耕作及轮作方式对农田土壤真菌群落结构的影响,设置免耕、传统耕作2种耕作方式,以及小麦-玉米轮作、小麦/玉米间作、小麦-冬油菜-玉米轮作3种种植模式,共形成6个处理,测定土壤理化性质并采用ITsDNA高通量测序技术分析不同处理对土壤真菌群落的影响。研究结果表明:与传统耕作相比,免耕显著增加了土壤有机碳、全磷、全氮、硝态氮以及铵态氮含量,且在免耕小麦/玉米间作处理下更明显;对有效序列进行OUT聚类后共得到2065个OUTs,经注释划分为11个门,35个纲,92个目,171个科,312个属和628个种;在门水平上,子囊菌门、担子菌门是农田土壤的优势菌门,在纲水平上,粪壳菌纲和伞菌纲是农田土壤的优势菌纲。相对于其他处理,免耕小麦/玉米间作更有利于提高了处理子囊菌门、担子菌门和伞菌纲的相对丰度,其相对丰度分别是49.30%、22.65%和21.33%;Alpha多样性分析表明,免耕处理显著提高了土壤真菌丰富度,且各处理间差异性不显著;主坐标分析(PCoA)分析表明,免耕小麦-玉米-冬油菜轮作和免耕小麦-玉米轮作的土壤真菌群落具有很高的相似性,而传统小麦/玉米间作的土壤真菌群落与其他处理产生明显的分离效应。综上所述,免耕小麦/玉米间作更有利于改善土壤真菌群落结构和土壤理化性质,可以作为该研究区重点推广和应用的种植模式。In order to explore the impact of tillage and crop rotation on the soil fungi community structure in farmland,6 treatments that involved two cultivation methods(no-tillage and traditional tillage),each of which including three cropping modes(wheat-corn rotation,wheat-corn intercropping,and wheat-winter rape-corn rotation)were set up,the physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined by use of ITsDNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the impact of different treatments on the soil fungi community.The research results showed that compared with traditional tillage,no-tillage significantly increased the soil organic carbon,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content,and it was more obvious under the no-tillage wheat-corn intercropping treatment.A total of 2065 outs were obtained after OUT clustering of valid sequences,which are divided into 11 phyla,35 classes,92 orders,171 families,312 genera and 628 species by annotation.At the phylum level,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant phyla in farmland soils.At the class level,Faecomycetes and Agaricus are the dominant classes in farmland soils.Compared with other treatments,the no-tillage wheat-corn intercropping is more conducive to increasing the relative abundances of the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Agaricus,and their relative abundances are 49.30%,22.65%and 21.33%,respectively.Alpha diversity analysis showed that no-tillage treatments significantly increased soil fungus richness,and the differences between treatments were not significant.Principal Coordinate Analysis(PCoA)showed that the soil fungal communities of no-tillage wheat-corn-winter rape rotation and no-tillage wheat-corn rotation have high similarities,and the soil fungal community of traditional wheat/corn intercropping and other treatments produced obvious separation effects.In summary,no-tillage wheat-corn intercropping is more conducive to improving soil fungal community structures and soil physical and chemical properties,and it c

关 键 词：免耕 土壤真菌群落 土壤理化性质 轮作方式 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]