涉重危废三维属性及其精细化分级分类体系  

Three-dimensional properties of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals and their refined classification and grading system

作　　者：辛宝平 王佳 XIN Baoping;WANG Jia(School of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2022年第2期355-362,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1900301,2018YFC190061,2018YFC1900304);国家自然科学基金(21777007);北京市自然科学基金(8172042)。

摘　　要：涉重危废是危险废物中非常独特的大类类别。重金属的不可降解性决定了其环境危害具有持久性,重金属的不可再生性决定了其资源属性具有稀缺性,因此,涉重危废的资源-环境交互属性受到国际社会越来越大的关注。但涉重危废的资源属性和污染属性与物料本身的结构复杂性存在密切关联。一方面,昂贵/高价金属的提取回收受到其复杂结构的干扰;另一方面,高毒/有毒金属的环境行为也受到其复杂结构的影响。为此,首次提出了涉重危废三维(资源、污染和结构)属性的概念,给出了三维属性的表征方法和计算公式,构建了基于三维属性的涉重危废精细化分级分类体系,建立了有助于无害化处置和资源化利用边界识别的三维属性指标体系,以期为涉重危废的精准高效监管及切实可靠的无害化处置和科学合理的资源化利用提供理论指导。Hazardous wastes containing heavy metals is a unique major category in hazardous waste,which have both serious harm to the environment and huge recovery value of metals resources.The resourceenvironment interaction of hazardous waste containing heavy metals has been receiving great attentions around the world.However,both the resource and environment properties of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals have close relationship with their complexity in structure and components.The extraction and recovery of precious,rare and high-price metals is strongly hindered by the complicated structure and components which have a significant influence on the migration behavior and environmental pollution of toxic heavy metals.In this work,the concept of three-dimensional properties of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals(i.e.resource,environment and structure properties)was put forward for the first time,and the mathematical formula to characterize the three-dimensional properties was given.Further,the refined classification and grading system of the hazardous wastes containing heavy metals was set up based on the three-dimensional properties,and the index system of the three-dimensional properties to identify the border between the harmless disposal and resources utilization was established.This work is of importance for the precise management of the hazardous wastes containing heavy metals and their correct disposal and reasonable resource utilization.

关 键 词：涉重危废 三维属性 无害化处置 资源化利用 精细化分级分类体系 边际识别三维属性指标体系 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]