直尺衍射现象及分析  

Phenomenon and analysis of ruler diffraction

作　　者：姜向前[1] 王莹[1] 宋扬[1] 赵春宇 张宇[1] JIANG Xiang-qian;WANG Ying;SONG Yang;ZHAO Chun-yu;ZHANG Yu(School of Physics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学物理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《大学物理》2022年第5期27-29,共3页College Physics

基　　金：教育部新工科项目(E-SXWLHXLX20202605)资助。

摘　　要：衍射是光的波动性的一个重要特征,而光栅衍射则是其中一类常见且重要的衍射现象.当激光束入射直尺边缘或表面时会出现半圆形衍射光斑,其产生机理并不清楚.针对直尺边缘与表面的半圆形衍射光斑,本文理论结合实验分析了其产生机理.研究发现,当直尺表面或侧面存在规则的类光栅结构时,其衍射光斑为半圆形.利用标准二值光栅模型分析了直尺衍射问题,发现半圆形衍射光斑起源于多套光栅衍射的叠加.Diffraction is an important characteristics of the wave aspect of light, and grating diffraction is an important phenomenon of diffraction. A hemicycle diffraction speckle is found when a light irradiates the edge or the surface of a ruler, however, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still not clear. In this paper, combing theoretical and experimental methods we study the mechanism of the hemicycle diffracted speckle. It is found that the diffracted speckle is hemicycle when the grating-like structure exists in the edge or the surface of a ruler. Using the standard binary grating model we analyze the diffraction of rulers, and found that the hemicycle diffracted speckle originates from the superposition of multi-grating diffraction.

关 键 词：光栅衍射 直尺 半圆形衍射光斑 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]