A Review of the Contemporary Eco-Agricultural Technologies in China  

我国生态农业技术的现状、问题与发展趋势

作　　者：YANG Lun LIU Moucheng YANG Xiao MIN Qingwen 杨伦;刘某承;杨晓;闵庆文(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院大学,北京100049)

机构地区：[1]Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [2]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2022年第3期511-517,共7页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Consulting Research Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2021-XBZD-8).

摘　　要：Eco-agriculture is the principal measure for addressing the environmental issues caused by agriculture and an essential direction for agriculture in the future. Meanwhile, the development of eco-agriculture is inseparable from its technical support. At present, the eco-agricultural technologies commonly used in China can be divided into three categories according to their theoretical basis and practical types: the technologies used to realize the precision input of material resources, the technologies used to improve material circulation efficiency, and the technologies that use the principle of species symbiosis. Although these technologies provide essential support for developing eco-agriculture in China, there are also problems associated with their implementation, such as poor technical application and a low level of industrialization. Therefore, in the future development of eco-agriculture technology in China, the technologies producers should take the actual problems as guide and pay attention to the popularization, industrialization, and application of the technologies.生态农业既是应对农业环境问题的主要措施,也是未来农业发展的重要方向。同时,生态农业自身的发展离不开不同领域的技术支撑。当前,中国普遍采用的生态农业技术根据其理论基础和实践类型,可以分为三类:第一类是以实现水、土地、农药和化肥等物质资源的精准化投入为目标的资源投入精准化技术,例如高效节水灌溉、保护性耕作和生态植保等;第二类是以促进农业生态系统物质循环效率为目标的物质循环利用技术,例如秸秆还田、桑基鱼塘等;第三类是以物种共生理论为基础的物种共生技术,包括稻-鱼共生、林下经济、鱼-藻共生等。尽管这些技术为中国的生态农业发展提供了重要支撑,但也存在着对传统农耕文化挖掘不足、技术应用性较差、产业化水平低、不接地气等问题。因此,在中国未来的生态农业技术发展中,应当以各经营主体实际面临的问题为导向,以促进农业绿色发展为目标,注重技术的推广性、产业化和应用性,并注重对传统农耕文化的挖掘。

关 键 词：AGROECOLOGY green development of agriculture agricultural heritage systems agricultural ecosystem eco-farming 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]