从“流散”到“重塑”:主导国权力嬗变与全球价值链重构  

From Diffusion to Re-shaping:Dominant State Power Evolution and the Restructuring of Global Value Chains

作　　者：张彦 刘德学[3] Zhang Yan;Liu Dexue(the Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Institute of Regional Economic Studies;the Jinan University School of Economics;Jinan University School of Economics Department of International Economics and Trade)

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学区域经济研究所 [2]暨南大学经济学院 [3]暨南大学经济学院国际经济与贸易系

出　　处：《当代亚太》2022年第1期4-39,157,158,共38页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金青年项目“链主压制、创新驱动与粤港澳大湾区制造业的全球价值链攀升路径研究”(项目编号:20CJL020)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：全球价值链权力理论多聚焦跨国公司的微观视角,直至重构期,国家等宏观角色的作用才得以重视,但因缺乏系统的权力分析框架,导致主导国权力介入“建构”和“重构”全球价值链的逻辑未清。为此,文章在既有宏微观权力理论的基础上,提出“全球价值链国家权力”概念,并构建宏观权力分析框架,研究主导国的权力资源与策略选择,系统论证主导国权力手段介入重构的逻辑。基于宏观权力框架的研究发现,从“权力流散”到“权力重塑”,国家权力的作用和角色在不断调适。一方面,主导国权力存在阻碍和促进的双重矛盾作用。主导国向跨国公司让渡部分权力,造就其优势分工地位。但流散后优势地位下降的后果与预期不符,从而诱发了主导国权力介入重塑优势地位的行为。另一方面,主导国的多元身份转变。国家权力介入重构的多元化策略,反映了主导国角色身份的多元转变。主导国既在战略和产业领域扮演促进者,又在制度领域扮演监管者,同时在技术和市场领域扮演生产者和购买者,旨在运用议价权、制度权、示范权、生产权重塑其优势分工地位。总之,从拥有的权利资源和多元化策略来看,主导国权力将更深、更广地介入影响全球价值链发展,战略竞争加剧的结局也将不言而喻。文章揭示了主导国建构和重构全球价值链的复杂性、逻辑性和规律性,拓展了全球价值链的经济内涵,实现了国际经济与政治战略意义的叠加,为中国制造业的高端攀升提供了理论启示。Power theories of global value chains tend to focus on the individual perspectives of multinational companies.Only recently as these theories have been reconceptualized has more attention been paid to macro,state-level factors.While so,because of the lack of a systematic analytical framework,the logic that dominant states follow in"constructing"or"reconstructing"global value chains remains unclear.As such,on the basis of existing micro and macro power theories,this article proposes a concept of"national power"within global value chains and builds a macro-level analytical framework to explain the power resources and strategic choices of dominant states.This framework is applied to systematically demonstrate the importance of dominant power intervention in the logic of reconstruction of global value chains.The macro-level model illustrates that the role of state power changes constantly from"power diffusion"to"power reshaping".On one hand,the dominant power plays contradictory roles-both obstructing and promoting reforms.Dominant states cede a portion of their power to multinational corporations,which enables them to establish an advantage vis-à-vis the division of labor.However,once power is diffusion,the decline in this position of advantage results in the MNC failing to meet its expectations.This causes the state to intervene towards restoring the superior position.On the other hand,the pluralistic identity of the dominant state.This change is reflected in the dominant state’s use of diverse strategies to reconstruct norms on the basis of state power.Dominant states act both in terms of strategy as well as at a sectoral level-they play the role of regulator at the sectoral level,while playing the role of producer and buyer at the technology and market levels.The aim is to use bargaining power,institutional power,demonstrative power,and production power to recreate its advantage vis-à-vis the division of labor.In short,from a perspective of power resources and diverse strategies,dominant powers are increasing

关 键 词：国家权力 主导国 制造业 全球价值链重构 全球价值链治理 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]