渭北旱塬苹果量化更新修剪技术及其研究进展  

Technology of Apple Quantitative Renewal Pruning and Its Research Progress on Weibei Dry Plateau

作　　者：白杜娟 刘艳玲 白岗栓[3] BAI Du-juan;LIU Yan-ling;BAI Gang-shuan(Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Development Co.,Ltd.,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Huazhou District,Weinan,Shaanxi 714100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]杨凌农业高科技发展股份有限公司,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省渭南市华州区农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第8期1-6,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501602);延安山仑院士工作站科研项目(20181201)。

摘　　要：量化更新修剪技术是根据盛果期及盛果末期苹果树的生长特性及树体生长状况,在保证目标产量的前提下,在量化修剪指标的指导下进行的更新复壮修剪。通常情况下渭北旱塬盛果期乔化红富士的目标产量为37500~45000 kg/hm^(2),冬季修剪后的留枝量为1050000~1350000枝/hm^(2),生长期修剪后的新梢量为1350000~1650000枝/hm^(2)。盛果末期的目标产量为22500~30000 kg/hm^(2),冬季修剪后的留枝量为900000~1050000枝/hm^(2),生长期修剪后的新梢量为1050000~1350000枝/hm^(2)。冬季修剪后的结果枝与营养枝的比例为1∶4,长枝、中枝和短枝的比例为1∶2∶7左右。量化更新修剪有效减少了果树对土壤水分的消耗,减少了叶丛枝比例及隔年结果发生的几率,减少了苹果树腐烂病发生率及疏花疏果劳动量,提高了树体营养、果园透光率、叶片光合速率和果实产量及果实品质等,延长了盛果年限,提升了果园经济效益。Quantitative renewal pruning technology was based on the growth characteristics and tree growth conditions of apple trees in the full bearing period and the end of the full bearing period,and under the premise of guaranteeing the target yields and the guidance of quantitative renewal pruning indexes.Under normal conditions,the target yields of vigorous red‘Fuji’in the full bearing period on the Weibei dry plateau was 37500-45000 kg/hm^(2),the number of branches retained after winter pruning ranged from 1050000 to 1350000 branches/hm^(2),the number of shoots after pruning in the growing period was 1350000-1650000 shoots/hm^(2).The target yields in the end of the full bearing period was 22500-30000 kg/hm^(2),the number of branches retained after winter pruning ranged from 900000 to 1050000 branches/hm^(2),the number of shoots after pruning in the growing period was 1050000-13500000 shoots/hm^(2).After winter pruning,the ratio of bearing branches to vegetative branches was 1∶4,and the ratio of long branches,middle branches and short branches was about 1∶2∶7.Quantitative renewal pruning effectively reduced the consumption of soil moisture by fruit trees,reduced the ratio of foliage branch and the probability of alternate bearing,reduced the incidence of valsa canker(Valsa mali Miyabe et Yanada)and the amount of labor of thinning flowers and thinning fruits.Quantitative renewal pruning effectively improved tree nutrition,orchard light transmittance,leaf photosynthetic rate,fruit yields and quality,prolonged the full bearing year,and improved the economic benefits of the orchard.

关 键 词：苹果 量化更新修剪技术 冬季修剪留枝量 研究进展 

分 类 号：S605.1[农业科学—园艺学]