美日印澳(QUAD):从松散协调到同盟行为体  

The Quad:From Loose Coordination towards an Alliance

作　　者：杨思灵[1,2] 任吉蕾 Yang Siling;Ren Jilei

机构地区：[1]云南省社会科学院南亚研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院 [3]中国商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2022年第1期48-76,156,157,共31页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：2021年是美日印澳四边合作机制具有标志性意义的一年,即该地缘政治团体从过去松散协调过渡到了同盟行为体。回顾美日印澳四边合作机制的发展历程,大致经历了推出概念、铺设战略、同盟演进三个阶段。前两个阶段属于松散协调状态,后者则是形成同盟行为体阶段。之所以认为美日印澳已经从松散协调团体发展到同盟行为体,最根本的原因在于该合作组织已经开始塑造共同的行为规范,并欲图在印太地区垄断规则。推动美日印澳实现同盟行为体的动力总体包括三个方面,一是一般性动机的利益追求,二是新冠疫情、国家关系变化等带来的特殊背景,三是共同针对性的形成。三者的结合推动了美日印澳四边合作机制的同盟化。鉴于美日印澳四边合作机制是以中国为主要针对目标,因此该组织的同盟化对中国的安全环境也将造成不容忽视的冲击。作为应对措施,中国应实施“周边优先”战略,推进与周边国家相互尊重的“1+1”领导人峰会机制,推进中国与东盟经济合作的全面深化,以应对当前迅速变化的“印太”地缘政治局势。2021 was a watershed year for the U.S.,Japan,India and Australia vis-à-vis their Quadrilateral Cooperation mechanism,which successfully transitioned from a loose coordinating framework to a grouping of allied actors.Reviewing the historical development of the Quad,three distinct phases can be identified:the conceptual stage;a strategy development stage;and a third phase of evolution towards an alliance.During the first two phases,the Quad was not more than a loose coordinating structure,but in the last it started to take on characteristics of an alliance-like actor.The primary reason we can conclude that it has evolved into an alliance actor is that the organization has started to mold behavioral norms,and it further aims to establish a monopoly over the provision of norms in the Indo-Pacific region.Three factors have played a role in driving the U.S.,Japan,India and Australia to build the Quad into an alliance actor:first is the pursuit of general interests;second is the global situation brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their relations;third is the formation of a shared targeted goal.These three factors combined worked to shape the Quad into an alliance.As the Quad primary targets China,its emergence as an alliance will have impacts on China’s security environment that cannot be ignored.In response,China should implement its“neighborhood first”strategy,promote the“1+1”Leader’s Summit on Mutual Respect with its neighboring countries,and advance the comprehensive deepening of economic cooperation between China and ASEAN.These steps can help China respond to the rapidly changing Indo-Pacific geo-political situation.

关 键 词：美日印澳 美国 同盟行为体 印度 四边合作机制 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] D822[政治法律—政治学]