耕作与水肥耦合对冷凉区水稻产量及温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of tillage and water-fertilization coupling on rice yield and greenhouse gas emission in cold region

作　　者：赵清竹 高峰[2] 曹铁华[3] 辛贵民 王天龙 傅民杰[1] ZHAO Qingzhu;GAO Feng;CAO Tiehua;XIN Guimin;WANG Tianlong;FU Minjie(College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji Jilin 133002,China;Songyuan Meteorological Bureau of Jilin Province,Songyuan,Jilin 138005,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]吉林省松原市气象局,吉林松原138005 [3]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《延边大学农学学报》2022年第1期27-35,56,共10页Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300206-2);吉林省科技厅重点科技研发项目(20180201076SF)。

摘　　要：为研究耕作与水肥耦合对冷凉地区水稻生产的影响,通过设置不同的耕作方式和水、肥管理组合模式,以吉宏6号品种为材料,研究了各组合模式下的水稻农艺性状和产量构成因素及生育期间稻田温室气体排放动态特征。结果表明:深耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(T1)、深耕+减施氮肥+耐冷灌溉模式(T2)与深耕+增施氮肥+耐冷灌溉模式(T3)水稻生育期农艺性状优于旋耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(CK),且实际产量显著高于旋耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(CK),分别高出8.3%、16.8%和20.4%。生育期深耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(T1)、深耕+减施氮肥+耐冷灌溉模式(T2)和深耕+增施氮肥+耐冷灌溉模式(T3)模式的CO_(2)累计排放量较旋耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(CK)分别提高了9.4%、26.4%和2.3%;CH_(4)累计排放量较旋耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(CK)分别降低-6.7%、提高12.2%与降低-17.6%;N_(2)O累计排放总量较旋耕+常规施肥+常流水灌溉模式(CK)分别提高了51.0%、78.8%和63.1%。深翻栽培增加了水稻有效穗数、穗粒数及结实率,提高产量。深翻栽培基础上,调控水肥管理措施,可优化水稻农艺性状,实现稳产与高产。To investigate the effects of tillage and water-fertilization coupling on the rice production in cold areas,this study used‘Jihong No.6’rice as the experimental material to explore the agronomic traits and yield components of rice under different tillage and management of water and fertilization;the dynamics of greenhouse gas emission during the rice growth was also studied.The results showed that the agronomic traits of deep tillage+conventional fertilization+constant flow irrigation(T1),deep tillage+reducing nitrogen fertilization+cold tolerance irrigation(T2),and deep tillage+increasing nitrogen fertilization+cold tolerance irrigation(T3)were better than those of rotary tillage+conventional fertilization+constant flow irrigation(CK),which the rice yields of T1,T2,and T3 were 8.3%,16.8%,and 20.4%higher than CK,respectively.Compared with CK,CO_(2)emission of T1,T2,and T3 increased by 9.4%,26.4%,and 2.3%,respectively;CH_(4) emission of T1 and T3 decreased by 6.7%and 17.6%,respectively,whereas that of T2 increased by 12.2%;N_(2)O emission of T1,T2,and T3 increased by 51.0%,78.8%,and 63.1%,respectively.Cultivation with deep tillage promoted the number of effective panicles,grains per panicle,and seed setting rate,thus increasing the final yield.On the basis of deep tillage,adjusting water and fertilization management can increase agronomic traits and can guarantee the rice to get stable and high yield.

关 键 词：稻田深翻 水肥管理 水稻 产量 温室气体 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]