济南市基层医疗机构医生职业倦怠现状和影响因素分析  

Prevalence and Influencing Factors for Job Burnout among Doctors in Primary Healthcare Institutions in Jinan

作　　者：李新伟[1] 韩联宇 王华义 张华 LI Xin-wei;HAN Lian-yu;WANG Hua-yi;ZHANG Hua(Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shangdong,250021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021 [2]济南市历城区疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250100 [3]济南护理职业学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2022年第3期25-28,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：山东省卫生健康委员会2020年卫生健康政策研究重点课题(WZY2020003)。

摘　　要：目的:了解济南市基层医疗机构医生(简称基层医生)职业倦怠现状及其影响因素。方法:2020年6—9月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在济南市6个区(县)选择30家基层医疗机构的426名医生为研究对象,采用《职业倦怠普适量表》调查并分析其职业倦怠现状及影响因素。结果:基层医生情绪耗竭、去人格化水平和个人成就感得分中位数及四分位间距[M(P_(25),P_(75))]分别为2.0(1.1,3.0)分、0.4(0.2,1.0)分和4.9(3.8,5.5)分;情绪耗竭和个人成就感维度以轻度和中度职业倦怠为主,分别为48.36%、41.78%和69.01%、27.03%,去人格化以轻度职业倦怠为主,占87.32%。二分类logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,岗位、学历、工作量、工作紧张程度和工作对家庭影响是基层医生情感耗竭是否发生高度职业倦怠的影响因素。结论:济南市基层医生职业倦怠处于一般水平,情绪耗竭维度为中度水平。影响职业倦怠的因素较多,建议降低基层医生工作强度,改进职称晋升制度,改善内部工作环境,从而降低基层医生职业倦怠程度。OBJECTIVE To investigate job burnout status and analysis its influencing factors among the doctors in primary care institutions in Jinan. METHODS From June to September in 2020, by using cluster sampling, 426 doctors from 30 primary healthcare institutions in six districts and counties of Jinan were selected and invested by Maslach Burn-out Inventory-general Survey.Their job burnout situation and influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS The median(the 25th and the 75th percentiles) of dimension scores of emotion exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment of those 426 doctors were 2.0(1.1, 3.0), 0.4(0.2, 1.0), 4.9(3.8, 5.5), respectively. The job burnout of emotion exhaustion and low personal accomplishment were mainly mild and moderate. The ratios of the two dimension were 48.36%, 41.78%, 69.01% and 27.03%, respectively. The job burnout of depersonalization was mainly mild and the ratio was 87.32%. Stepwise binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that post, educational level,workload, work stress and the effect of work on family were associated with high emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION The job burnout was mild, while the dimension of emotion exhaustion was mainly moderate among doctors. The associated factors for burnout were complex and various. Actions such as reducing the intensity of work, improving the system of professional title promotion and improving the internal working environment were needed to relieve the burnout of the doctors.

关 键 词：基层医疗机构 医生 职业倦怠 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]