回收废铅膏工艺、中间产品及应用  

Process of recycling used lead paste,intermediate products and application

作　　者：周成刚 李翠娥 来世伟 马逸飞 闫新华 ZHOU Chenggang;LI Cuie;LAI Shiwei;MA Yifei;YAN Xinhua(Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou henan 450002;Jiaozuo Vocational College of Industry and Trade,Qinyang hennan 454550;Henan Chilwee Power Supply Co.,Ltd.,Qinyang Henan 454550,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]焦作工贸职业学院,河南沁阳454550 [3]河南超威电源有限公司,河南沁阳454550

出　　处：《蓄电池》2022年第2期90-100,共11页Chinese LABAT Man

摘　　要：由于具有成熟的生产工艺、显著的成本效益和很高的循环利用效率,铅酸电池在电池领域占有重要地位。每年产生的废铅酸电池数量巨大,若不妥善处理会对环境造成了严重的破坏。因此,无论是从环保还是经济效益考虑,废铅酸电池的回收再利用成为了铅酸电池产业不可或缺的一环。迄今为止,废铅酸电池中铅膏的常见回收工艺有火法冶金和湿法冶金2种。其中湿法冶金又分成4大类:电解沉积法、有机酸浸出–煅烧法、碱性浸出–结晶法和其他化学转化法。本文中,笔者从工艺方法、回收产品和应用领域3方面综述了近些年国内外废铅酸电池中回收的最新进展,并对未来废铅酸电池回收再生所面临的挑战和前景做出了分析。Lead-acid batteries occupy an important position in the field of batteries because of their mature production process,significant cost effectiveness and high recycling efficiency conducive to sustainable development.The quantity of used lead-acid batteries generated every year is huge and will cause serious damage to the environment if not properly treated.Therefore,the recycling of used leadacid batteries has become an indispensable part of the lead-acid batteries industry,both in terms of environmental protection and economic benefits.So far,the common recovery processes of lead paste in used lead-acid batteries are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy,among which hydrometallurgy is divided into four categories:electrolytic deposition,organic acid leaching-calcination,alkaline leaching-crystallization and other chemical conversion methods.Each of these recovery methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.This paper reviews the recent progress of lead paste recovery from waste lead-acid batteries at home and abroad in recent years from three aspects:process methods,recovered products and application fields,and analyzes the challenges and prospects for future used lead-acid batteries recovery and regeneration.

关 键 词：铅酸电池 废铅膏 火法冶金 湿法冶金 回收 电解沉积 有机酸浸出 煅烧 碱性浸出 结晶 熔炼 半导体 

分 类 号：TM912.[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]