公司决议不成立司法实证研究  

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Non-establishment of Company Resolutions

作　　者：薛波 钟成杰 XUE Bo;ZHONG Cheng-jie(Law School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518061, China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学法学院,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《时代法学》2022年第2期13-28,共16页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“公司减资对债权人通知义务研究”(19CFX049)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》(以下简称《公司法司法解释(四)》)第1,3,5条规定了公司决议不成立之诉的当事人及适用情形,标志着在决议瑕疵诉讼类型上确立了不成立、可撤销、无效“三分法”体例。决议不成立的确立丰富和发展了决议效力瑕疵类型,对维护股东、公司和公司债权人利益具有重大意义。决议不成立和决议无效、可撤销在判定顺位、判断标准、诉讼条件、瑕疵程度、法律后果等方面差异显著。实证研究显示,《公司法司法解释(四)》颁布后决议不成立纠纷呈剧增态势,主要集中在经济发达的沿海地区。在司法实践中,三种决议瑕疵诉讼并非泾渭分明,而是相互纠缠。从诉讼结果上看,决议不成立案件的胜诉率达60%以上,66%集中在一审,上诉率高达34%,有6%的案件走向了再审程序,上诉案件中有70%左右维持原判。决议不成立的事由主要包括会议召集程序瑕疵、召开程序瑕疵、表决程序瑕疵三种类型。决议不成立的法律后果应当以决议内容纯属公司内部事项抑或关涉外部第三人区分而论。Articles 1,3,and 5 of the“The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the‘Company Law of the People's Republic of China’(4)”(hereinafter referred to as“Judicial Interpretation of the Company Law(4)”)stipulate the parties to the lawsuit that the company's resolution is not established And the applicable circumstances indicate that the unfounded,revocable,and invalid“trichotomy”system has been established on the types of litigation on defective resolutions.The establishment of a resolution that is not established enriches and develops the types of flaws in the effectiveness of the resolution,which is of great significance to safeguarding the interests of shareholders,companies,and company creditors.There are significant differences in the order of judgment,judgment criteria,litigation conditions,degree of defects,legal consequences,etc.between the unfounded and invalid and revocable resolutions.Empirical studies have shown that disputes over the decision not to substantiate after the promulgation of the“Judicial Interpretation of the Company Law(4)”have shown a dramatic increase,mainly in the economically developed coastal areas.In judicial practice,the three types of resolution defect litigation are not distinct,but entangled with each other.Judging from the results of the litigation,the winning rate of cases where the resolution is not established is more than 60%,66%are concentrated in the first instance,the appeal rate is as high as 34%,6%of the cases go to the retrial process,and about 70%of the appeal cases maintain the original verdict.The reasons for the failure of the resolution mainly include three types:defects in the convening procedure,defects in the convening procedure,and defects in the voting procedure.The legal consequences of a resolution not being established should be based on whether the content of the resolution is purely an internal matter of the company or involves an external third party.

关 键 词：决议不成立 实证研究 不成立事由 法律后果 

分 类 号：DF411.91[政治法律—经济法学]