冬奥会崇礼赛区5种人工林枯落物及土壤水文特征  

Hydrological characteristics of litter and soil of five types of plantation configuration patterns in the Chongli Competition District of Winter Olympic Games

作　　者：武昱鑫 余新晓[1] 彭修文 张潇 王阳阳 邱贵福 李文立 贾国栋[1] Wu Yuxin;Yu Xinxiao;Peng Xiuwen;Zhang Xiao;Wang Yangyang;Qiu Guifu;Li Wenli;Jia Guodong(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Zhangjiakou Saibei Forestry Centre(National Forestry Management Office),Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]张家口市塞北林场(市国有林场管理处),河北张家口075000

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第4期66-75,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：“科技冬奥”国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFF0305905-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过调查和研究冬奥场馆周边小流域人工林枯落物层和土壤层水文性能的变化规律及差异性,为研究区人工林的恢复、经营以及水源涵养能力的提升提供理论支撑。【方法】以崇礼区西沟流域的5种人工林配置模式(落叶松纯林、樟子松纯林、落叶松柠条混交林、樟子松柠条混交林和樟子松落叶松柠条混交林)为研究对象,通过测定林内枯落物层和土壤层特征,定量分析和比较不同配置模式枯落物和土壤的水文特征。【结果】(1)不同人工林配置模式枯落物的蓄积量和厚度均为半分解层小于未分解层。(2)不同人工林配置模式枯落物持水表现为:樟子松纯林的最大持水量最大(2.94 t/hm^(2)),落叶松纯林的最小(1.95 t/hm^(2));樟子松柠条混交林的有效持水量最大(1.46 t/hm^(2)),落叶松纯林的最小(1.17t/hm^(2))。(3)不同人工林配置模式枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系,枯落物吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系。(4)不同人工林配置模式的土壤物理性质和入渗性能整体上都表现为人工林混交配置模式优于纯林配置模式,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈幂函数关系。【结论】人工林混交配置模式的枯落物层和土壤层水文性能优于纯林,建议在植被重建和恢复初期充分考虑乡土树种和配置模式,用于人工林的快速重建和健康经营,为下一步小流域森林植被空间结构优化与对位配置奠定基础。[Objective]By investigating and studying the variation and differences of the hydrological properties of the litter layer and soil layer of the artificial forests in small watersheds surrounding the Winter Olympic venues,this study aimed to provide theoretical support for the restoration and management of plantation forests and enhancement of water conservasion capacity for the study area.[Method]We conducted field work in the Xigou Watershed of Chongli District by investigating five types of plantation configuration pattern plots(Larix gmelinii pure forest,Pinus sylvestris pure forest,Larix gmelinii and Caragana korshinskii mixed forest,Pinus sylvestris and Caragana korshinskii mixed forest,Pinus sylvestris,Larix gmelinii and Caragana korshinskii mixed forest).Characteristics of the litter layer and soil layer in the plots were measured,and hydrological characteristics of litter and soil in different plots were quantitatively analyzed and compared.[Result](1)The accumulation and thickness of litter in the semi-decomposed layer were smaller than in the undecomposed layer of different plantations.(2)The litter water holding capacity of different plantation configuration patterns was as follows:the pure forest of Pinus sylvestris showed the largest(2.94 t/ha)maximum water holding capacity and the pure forest of Larix gmelinii was the smallest(1.95 t/ha);the effective water holding capacity in the mixed forest of Pinus sylvestris and Caragana korshinskii was the largest(1.46 t/ha)and the pure forest of larch was the smallest(1.17 t/ha).(3)The water holding capacity of litter in different plantation configurations showed a logarithmic relationship with the soaking time,and the water absorption rate of litter showed a power function relationship with the soaking time.(4)Soil physical properties and infiltration rates of different plantation configurations showed that the mixed artificial forest was better than the pure forest,and the soil infiltration rates showed a power function relationship with the infiltration ti

关 键 词：人工林 配置模式 水文特征 土壤 枯落物 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]