密度和施肥调控对巨龙竹新竹生长及生物量特征的影响  

Effects of density and fertilization on growth and biomass characteristics of newly grown Dendrocalamus sinicus

作　　者：郭强 官凤英 辉朝茂 刘蔚漪 邹学明 Guo Qiang;Guan Fengying;Hui Chaomao;Liu Weiyi;Zou Xueming(Forestry College of Southwest Forestry University,Sympodial Bamboos Technological and Engineering Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo&Rattan Science and Technology,Beijing 100102,China;Cangyuan Forestry and Grassland Administration,Lincang 677400,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,国家林业草原丛生竹工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650224 [2]国际竹藤中心,国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102 [3]沧源县林业和草原局,云南临沧677400

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第4期95-106,共12页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家“十三五”科技支撑项目(2018YFD0600103、2016YFD0600902);国家自然科学基金项目(31660173);“云南滇南竹林生态系统定位观测研究站”运行经费项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探索择伐留竹密度和施肥量对巨龙竹新竹生长和生物量积累及分配特征影响,为巨龙竹高效培育和科学经营管理提供依据。【方法】以滇西南巨龙竹为研究对象,设计择伐留竹密度(7、15、25、35株/丛)和有机肥施用量(0、40、80、120 kg/丛)的2因素4水平正交试验,通过每木检尺和破坏性收获调查23种新竹生长形态、生物量积累及分配特征指标,采用方差分析、主成分分析和加权-模糊数学隶属函数法综合分析16种试验处理组合巨龙竹新竹生长及生物量特征差异。【结果】(1)不同试验处理巨龙竹平均每丛新竹数量1.0~7.8株、胸径17.2~19.9 cm、竹高29.0~29.9 m、枝下高14.8~16.3 m;单株新竹各构件生物量:总69.63~98.13 kg、地上58.22~80.42 kg、地下11.41~17.71 kg、秆48.94~60.37 kg、枝3.71~12.04 kg、叶1.55~9.10 kg;竹丛新竹各组分生物量:总69.63~678.20 kg、地上58.22~543.62 kg、地下11.41~134.58 kg、秆48.94~467.89 kg、枝5.69~48.04 kg、叶3.60~28.69 kg;新竹构件(组分)生物量分配比重:地上79.47%~83.62%、地下16.38%~20.53%、秆60.41%~74.87%、枝5.12%~12.27%、叶2.11%~9.26%、根冠比0.20~0.26、出叶强度0.40~0.75。(2)择伐留竹密度和施肥量对巨龙竹新竹生长形态、生物量积累及分配特征影响显著。相同密度,新竹生长形态及生物量积累特征指标总体上随施肥量增加而提高,地下、枝、叶的生物量比重提高,而地上、秆的生物量比重降低;相同施肥量,新竹生长形态及生物量积累特征指标总体上随密度增加而先提高后降低(峰值转折点:25、15株/丛),地下、秆的生物量比重提高、而地上、枝、叶的生物量比重降低。(3)不同试验处理组合巨龙竹新竹生长和生物量特征综合评价得分及排名,单株(前3):T^((7+120))(0.457)、T^((15+120))(0.390)、T_(3)^((7+80))(0.389);竹丛(前3):T_(12)^((25+120))(0.456)、T_(g)^((15+120))(0.447)、T_(4)^((7+120))(0.424)。【结论】综合比[Objective]The effects of cutting-remaining bamboo density and organic fertilizer amount on newly grown bamboo growth,biomass accumulation and distribution characteristics of Dendrocalamus sinicus were explored,providing a basis for the cultivation and management of D.sinicus.[Method]A two-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment was designed(cutting-remaining bamboo density:7,15,25,35 tree/cluster.organic fertilizer amount:0,40,80,120 kg/cluster)and 23 indexes of young D.sinicus growth and biomass characteristics were measurand for evaluating the density and ferilization effects of 16types of experimental treatment combinations by variance analysis,principal component analysis and weighting-fuzzy mathematics in southwestern Yunnan Province of southwestern China.[Result](1)On average,young bamboo amount:1.0-7.8 tree/cluster,DBH:17.2-19.9 cm,total length:29.0-29.9 m,clear length:14.8-16.3 m;biomass of each component of individual newly grown bamboo:total biomass each tree:69.63-98.13 kg,aboveground biomass:58.22-80.42 kg,underground biomass:11.41-17.71 kg,stalk biomass:48.94-60.37 kg,branch biomass:3.71-12.04 kg,leaf biomass:1.55-9.10 kg;biomass of each component of newly grown individual bamboo cluster:total biomass:69.63-678.20 kg,aboveground biomass:58.22-543.62 kg,underground biomass:11.41-134.58 kg,stalk biomass:48.94-467.89 kg,branch biomass:5.69-48.04 kg,leaf biomass:3.60-28.69 kg;proportion of biomass allocation of components of newly grown bamboo:aboveground biomass:79.47%-83.62%,underground biomass:16.38%-20.53%,stalk biomass:60.41%-74.87%,branch biomass:5.12%-12.27%,leaf biomass:2.11%-9.26%,root-shoot ratio:0.20-0.26,leafing intensity:0.40-0.75.(2)The effects of cutting-remaining bamboo density and organic fertilizer amount on bamboo growth and biomass characteristics of D.sinicus were significant.At the same cutting-remaining bamboo density and as the organic fertilizer amount increased,the indexes of young D.sinicus growth and biomass were increased,the biomass distribution proportions of undergrou

关 键 词：巨龙竹 择伐留竹密度 有机肥量 新竹生长 生物量分配 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S753.3