考虑行人特征与领导者角色的改进社会力模型  

Modified Social Force Model Considering Pedestrian Characteristics and Leaders

作　　者：林金城 纪庆革[1,2] 钟圳伟 LIN Jin-cheng;JI Qing-ge;ZHONG Zhen-wei(School of Computer Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学计算机学院,广州510006 [2]广东省大数据分析与处理重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《计算机科学》2022年第5期347-354,共8页Computer Science

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2016A030313288)。

摘　　要：社会力模型是人群运动仿真中的经典模型,该模型将行人的主观意愿和行人之间的相互影响等都通过“力”的形式来表达,模型简洁且易于解释,但是影响行人运动的因素是多方面的,原始社会力模型中自驱力和社会心理力的计算存在不足。为了使模型能够仿真出真实的运动过程,研究者们对社会力模型进行了改进。文中主要研究了人群疏散过程中的主体:行人。从行人特征和行人角色两个方面对行人进行建模,其中行人特征包括行人之间的亲疏关系、行人性格以及个体情绪,不同亲密程度的行人之间的干扰程度不同,而行人情绪也会影响行人的判断;行人角色方面考虑了领导者和普通行人,分析了不同行人角色对疏散过程的影响,领导者可以帮助普通行人疏散。通过人群自组织仿真实验,验证了改进模型能够仿真出真实的人群疏散状况,保留原模型的优势。同时,统计了4种仿真模型下人群的疏散效率和出口利用率,对实验数据中的均值和分布情况进行了分析。实验结果表明,导致行人疏散时间过长的主要原因是寻找出口耗时过长以及出口利用率不平衡。一般情况下,行人特征和领导者角色对行人疏散效率有积极影响,行人特征可以加快行人聚集以及优化行人期望速度,而领导者角色在帮助行人寻找出口的基础上,平衡了行人对出口的利用,保证了各出口疏散人数基本相同。Social force model is a classic model in crowd movement simulation.The model expresses the subjective wishes of pedestrians and the interaction between pedestrians in the form of“force”.The model is concise and easy to explain.However,there are many factors that affect pedestrian movement,and the calculation of self-driving force and social psychological force in the primitive social force model is insufficient.In order to enable the model to simulate the real movement process,many researchers have improved the social force model.This paper mainly studies the subject in the process of crowd evacuation,pedestrians.Pedestrians are modeled from two aspects:pedestrian characteristics and pedestrian roles.The characteristics of pedestrians include the social relationship between pedestrians,the personality of pedestrians and individual emotions.The degree of interference between pedestrians with different levels of intimacy is different,and pedestrian emotions will also affect the judgment of pedes-trians.The role of pedestrians considers leaders and ordinary pedestrians,and analyzes the impact of different pedestrian roles on the evacuation process.Leaders can help ordinary pedestrians to evacuate.Crowd self-organization simulation experiments verifies that the improved model can simulate the real crowd evacuation situation and retain the advantages of the original model.At the same time,the evacuation efficiency and exit utilization rate of the crowd under four simulation models are counted,and the average value and distribution of the experimental data are analyzed.Experimental results show that the main reasons for the long evacuation time are the time-consuming search for exits and the unbalanced utilization rate of exits.Generally,pedestrian characteristics and leaders have a positive impact on pedestrian evacuation efficiency.Pedestrian characteristics can accelerate pedestrian aggregation and optimize pedestrian expectation speed.On the basis of helping pedestrians to find exits,leaders can balance pedestr

关 键 词：人群疏散 社会力模型 行人特征 领导者 疏散效率 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]