不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征变化分析  

Characteristics of Soil Nutrient under Different Land Use Patterns

作　　者：阿丽娅·阿力木 丛小涵 夏晓莹 席丽 王卫霞[1] Aliya Alimu;CONG Xiaohan;XIA Xiaoying;XI Li;WANG Weixia(Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Industry Technology in Arid Region,Education Department of Xinjiang/College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院/新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第4期925-933,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“南疆盆地不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳库的影响”(31760199)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质及土壤养分元素特征的变化规律。【方法】在阿克苏地区采集小麦地、枣园、枣麦间作园、荒地枣园和撂荒地等5种典型的土地利用方式下的土壤,运用土壤化学分析方法,测定土壤有机质及氮磷钾等含量。【结果】各土壤养分指标在不同土地利用方式下变异系数为0.92%~94.00%,均为中等空间变异性。由农田更替为枣园及枣麦间作后,提高了各层土壤有机质含量,其中0~20 cm土层各层土壤有机质均显著提高(P<0.05)。由荒地改建为枣园后,各层土壤有机质均有提高,其中0~10 cm、20~30 cm土层显著提高(P<0.05)。0~100 cm土层各养分元素含量和有机质含量均随土壤深度的增加而逐渐减少。土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均表现为枣麦间作园>枣园>小麦地>荒地枣园>荒地,全氮表现为枣园>枣麦间作园>小麦>荒地枣园>荒地。土壤有机质与土壤各养分元素之间存在着显著正相关关系。【结论】阿克苏地区农田或荒地改建为枣园或枣麦间作园后,均有利于提高土壤有机质及土壤肥力。【Objective】To study the changes of soil organic matter and soil nutrient element characteristics under different land use patterns in Akesu,Xinjiang.【Method】In the Aksu area,the soils of five typical land use patterns such as sole wheat,jujube wheat intercropping,sole jujube,sole jujube in wasteland,and wasteland were collected to determine the soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents by soil chemical analysis method.【Results】The coefficient of the spatial variation of the soil nutrient elements in this study area under different land use patterns was between 0.92%and 94.00%,all of which are medium spatial variability.After the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry,the soil organic matter content of each layer was increased,but it was increased significantly(P<0.05)only in each layer of 0-20 cm soil layer.After the transition from wasteland to orchard,the soil organic matter of all layers increased,and the soil layers 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm increased significantly(P<0.05).The contents of soil nutrient elements and soil organic matter in the 0-100 cm soil layer were decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth.The content of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were all shown as follows:Jujube wheat intercropping>Sole jujube>Sole wheat>Sole jujube in wasteland>Wasteland.The content of soil total nitrogen was shown as follows:Sole jujube>Jujube wheat intercropping>Sole wheat>Sole jujube in wasteland>Wasteland.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrient elements.【Conclusion】It is found that the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic matter and soil fertility.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 土壤有机质 养分元素 枣园 枣麦间作园 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学] S158[农业科学—林学]