荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病发生分布与危害  

Occurrence and Damage Analysis of Corn Stalk Rot Desert Oasis Ecological Region

作　　者：宋子硕 杨杰[3] 丁新华[2] 付开赟 吐尔逊·阿合买提[2] 何江[2] 郭文超[2] SONG Zishuo;YANG Jie;DING Xinhua;FU Kaiyun;Tuerxun Ahemati;HE Jiang;GUO Wenchao(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis,MOARA,Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第4期950-956,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区重大科技专项“新疆主要作物生物育种创新工程(一)——玉米生物育种创新工程(2021A02001-2)”;新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目“西北干旱半干旱区籽粒机收玉米种质创新关键技术研究与应用”(XJKCPY-2020002)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区各玉米主产区玉米茎腐病田间最新发生分布与危害,为新疆灌溉玉米产区玉米茎腐病科学监测与防控提供依据。【方法】采用5点随机取样法系统调查新疆南北疆6个地州市17个县市区玉米茎腐病的最新发病情况,并综合分析栽培模式、品种因素与其发病程度的关联性。【结果】新疆荒漠绿洲生态区玉米茎腐病平均病田率为77.32%,平均病株率为39.66‰,其中北疆春播玉米产区(97.22%、51.86‰)显著重于南疆复播玉米产区(30.00%、17.70‰),且各地州病害发生程度不同,博州(100%、78‰)、伊犁州(100%、68.04‰)发病最重,其次是乌鲁木齐(100%、55.50‰)、塔城地区(93.33%、38.80‰)中度发生,而昌吉州(92.86%、13.43‰)、喀什地区(30%、17.70‰)整体发病较轻。以县市为单位统计,全疆范围内新源县危害(100%、126.2‰)最重,其次为博乐市(100%、117.14‰),而伽师县、疏勒县、疏附县暂未发现玉米茎腐病发生。商品玉米平均病株率(48.12‰)是制种玉米(15.56‰)的3.09倍。4种栽培模式(滴灌覆膜、滴灌无膜、漫灌覆膜、漫灌无膜)的病株率无显著差异(P>0.05),滴灌覆膜(95.12%)、漫灌覆膜(31.82%)分别低于滴灌无膜(100%)、漫灌无膜(69.77%)。【结论】玉米茎腐病在新疆各玉米主产区普遍发生且北疆重于南疆。商品玉米品种整体抗病不强,覆膜栽培条件有利减轻病害发生。【Objective】To clarify the latest occurrence,distribution and damage of maize stem rot in the main maize producing areas of Xinjiang desert oasis ecological region in the hope of providing the basis for scientific monitoring and control of maize stem rot in these areas.【Methods】Five point random sampling method was used to investigate the latest incidence of corn stalk rot in 17 counties of 6 prefectures and cities in northern and southern Xinjiang,and the correlation between cultivation mode,variety factors and incidence degree was analyzed.【Results】The average diseased field rate of corn stalk rot in Xinjiang desert oasis ecological zone was 77.32%,and the average diseased plant rate was 39.66‰.Among them,spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang(97.22‰and 51.86‰)was significantly heavier than repeat maize production area in southern Xinjiang(30.00‰and 17.70‰),followed by Urumqi(100%,55.50‰),Tacheng(93.33%,38.80‰),and Changji(92.86%,13.43‰),Kashi(30%,17.70‰).According to the statistics of counties and cities,Xinyuan county(100%,126.2‰)suffered the most serious damage,followed by Bole City(100%,117.14‰),while no corn stalk rot was found in Jiashi County,Shule county and Shufu county.The results showed that the average disease rate of commercial maize(48.12‰)was 3.09 times higher than that of seed maize(15.56‰).There was no significant difference in the rate of diseased plants among the four cultivation modes(drip irrigation with film mulching,drip irrigation without film,flood irrigation with film mulching and flood irrigation without film)(P>0.05).But the average disease rate of drip irrigation and mulching was lower than those of drip irrigation and irrigation(100%and 69.77%)respectively.【Conclusion】Corn stalk rot is common in the main corn producing areas in Xinjiang,and it is found that it is more serious in Northern Xinjiang than in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the disease resistance of commercial maize varieties was not strong as a whole,and the

关 键 词：新疆荒漠绿洲生态区 玉米茎腐病 病田率 病害调查 

分 类 号：S435.131.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]