两种熟期类型青贮玉米品种对两种春播种植模式的增产效应  

The Yield-increasing Effect of Two Silage Maize Varieties with Different Maturity on Two Spring Sowing Patterns

作　　者：鲁珊[1] 徐玉鹏[1] 陈善义[1] 阎旭东[1] LU Shan;XU Yupeng;CHEN Shanyi;YAN Xudong(Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001,China)

机构地区：[1]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《作物研究》2022年第2期117-121,共5页Crop Research

基　　金：河北省农业产业技术体系草业创新团队栽培与信息化管理技术岗位(HBCT2018160202);沧州市重点研发计划指导项目(204202001)。

摘　　要：为探索适宜沧州生态类型区春播青贮玉米的种植模式,于2018—2019年开展了两种熟期类型(长生育期型和短生育期型)青贮玉米在两种种植模式(覆膜宽窄行种植和露地等行种植)的田间比较试验,研究其对物候期、抗倒伏性、农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:覆膜宽窄行模式能促进青贮玉米成熟,成熟期提前4.5~5.5 d,短生育期型品种成熟期可提前10.5~11.0 d;覆膜宽窄行模式玉米抗倒伏力平均增加4.74~7.16 N,显著提高,但品种之间差异不显著;覆膜宽窄行模式玉米株高平均增加7.60%~8.15%,茎粗平均增加3.16%~7.16%,两种熟期类型随生育期增长株高平均增加6.38%~12.87%,茎粗平均增加2.54%~2.87%,差异显著。覆膜宽窄行模式青贮玉米鲜生物产量平均增加10.38%~15.86%,产值增加3 325~3 564元/hm^(2),经济效益显著提高。与长生育期型相比,2018年短生育期型青贮玉米鲜生物产量低16.82%~18.61%,产值低3 751~3 990元/hm^(2),经济效益显著降低。适宜的熟期类型品种是影响青贮玉米获得高产量、高产值的重要因素之一。本研究可为沧州及同类生态区春播青贮玉米的生产提供依据。The phenological period, volt resistance, agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits were studied through field comparison experiment from 2018 to 2019 two planting patterns of silage maize with wide-narrow row planting of the film and equal row planting in the open field in order to explore the suitable planting mode of spring silage corn in the ecological type area of Cangzhou. The results showed that the wide-narrow row planting of the film could promote the maturity of silage maize and the maturity could be advanced by 4.5-5.5 d. The mature period of the two growth period varieties could be advanced by 10.5-11.0 d. The wide-narrow row planting of the film could increase the average lodging resistance by 4.74-7.16 N and the lodging resistance increased significantly, but the differences between breeds are not significant. The plant height of wide-narrow row planting of the film increased 7.60%-8.15% respectively, and the stem diameter increased by 3.16%-7.16%. The plant height and stem diameter of long growth period variety increased by 6.38%-12.87% and 2.54%-2.87%. The difference was significant. The yields of wide-narrow row planting of the film increased 10.38%-15.86% respectively, and the output value increased was about 3 325-3 564 yuan per hectare, and the economic benefit of output value increased significantly.The fresh biological yields of the short growth period silage maize decreased by 16.82%-18.61% compared with the long growth period, and the output value benefit decreased by per hectare 3 751-3 990 yuan in 2018,and the economic benefit of output value decreased significantly.The suitable maturity type variety is one of the important factors that affect the high yield and value of silage maize.This study will provide reference for the production of spring sowing silage maize in Cangzhou with low rainfall and similar ecological regions.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 种植模式 覆膜栽培 熟期 生物产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]