增加助跑步数对男子跳远运动员踏跳动作运动学指标的影响  

Effect of Increasing Running Steps on the Kinematics Index of Hopping Steps of Male Long Jumpers

作　　者：李志远 王相 张宇 LI Zhiyuan;WANG Xiang;ZHANG Yu(Department of Public Physical Art Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Schoolof Physical Education and Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共体育与艺术部,杭州310058 [2]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2022年第3期77-82,共6页Journal of Hebei Sport University

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同助跑步数对男子跳远运动员跳跃距离、踏跳时间、踏跳指数、身体前旋角速度等踏跳动作运动学指标的影响。方法:募集12名男子跳远运动员,采取不同助跑步数(6—16步)完成踏跳动作,利用高速摄像机测量助跑与踏跳时身体重心速度,并计算出相应参数。结果:①随着助跑步数的增加,跳跃距离增加,踏跳时间缩短;②长助跑(12—16步)与短助跑(6—10步)跳跃距离比与助跑速度比之间未存在显著性相关关系(p>0.05),而与踏跳时间比之间存在显著性负相关(p<0.05);③相比于短助跑,长助跑踏跳指数显著减小,踏跳时垂直速度相当,水平速度损失量也显著大于短助跑(p<0.05);④踏跳时间比与踏跳角度变化量之间存在显著性正相关(p<0.05),而与平均前旋角速度比之间存在显著性负相关(p<0.05);⑤长距离助跑过程中水平速度损失量与身体平均前旋角速度间存在显著性负相关(p<0.05),下肢蹬伸速度与踏跳指数之间存在显著性正相关(p<0.05)。结论:在6—16步范围内,随助跑步数增加,助跑速度增加,但与跳跃距离增加未存在相关关系;在进行长距离助跑时,缩短踏跳时间,减少水平速度损失的同时提高垂直速度,能够有效提高跳跃距离;在踏跳过程中减小身体前旋的角度可以有效缩短踏跳用时,提高下肢蹬伸速度可获得较大垂直速度。Objective:To study the influence of different running stepsin the approach run on the kinematics index of hopping steps of jump distance,hopping step time,hopping step index,and body forward angular velocity of the hopping step motionof male long jumpers.Method:Twelve male long jumpers perform the long jump using different numbers of running steps(6-16 steps)in the approach run,measure the velocity of body gravity of the approach run and the hopping step with high-speed camera,and calculate the corresponding parameters.Results:①With the number of running steps increases,the jump distance also increases,and the hopping step time is shortened.②There is no significant correlation between jump distance ratio and run-up speed ratio(p>0.05)of the long-distance approach run(12-16 steps)and the short distance approach run(6-10 steps),however,there is a significant negative correlation between jump distance ratio and hopping step time ratio(p<0.05).③Compared to the short-distance approach run,long-distance approach run has significantly reduced take-off index,comparable vertical speed and significantly greater horizontal velocity loss than shortdistance approach run(p<0.05).④There is a significantly positive correlation between the hopping step time ratio and the hopping step angle variation quantity(p<0.05),however there is a significantly negative correlation between the average anterior spin angular velocity ratio(p<0.05).⑤There is a significantly negative correlation between the horizontal velocity loss and body average forward angular velocity in the long-distance approach run(p<0.05),and is a significantly positive correlation between the lower limb push-up speed and the hopping step index(p<0.05).Conclusion:Approach run speed increases with the increase of 6-16 approach run steps,but there is no correspondence to the jump distance increase;in the long-distance approach run,to shorten the hopping step time,reduce horizontal speed loss can effectively increase the jump distance;during the stepping process,r

关 键 词：短助跑跳跃 长助跑跳跃 身体重心轨迹 助跑距离 踏跳动作 

分 类 号：G823.3[文化科学—体育训练]