核电厂人因失误智防研究  

Study on Intelligent Prevention of Human Error in Nuclear Power Plant

作　　者：沈阳[1] SHEN Yang(Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation,Wuhan,Hubei Prov.430223)

机构地区：[1]核动力运行研究所,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国核电》2022年第1期81-84,96,共5页China Nuclear Power

摘　　要：核电作为复杂人—机系统,防止人因失误是核电运营中需要关注的重点问题。随着智能化技术迅猛发展,人因失误防御也从传统人防逐步向智防发展,目标是进一步提高人员效能和人因可靠性。本研究基于核电厂人因事件人因失误因素分析和重要度排序,以典型人因失效点作为切入点,从认知和行为两个角度入手,将工作过程分解为工作前期、工作任务准备、工作任务实施三个环节,并在不同环节采取智能化技术手段防止人因失误,即在工作前期环节,利用互联网+技术开展个体/群体安全意识形态跟踪、分析和提升,提高或保持工作人员安全意识处于高水平;在工作任务准备环节,利用VR技术聚焦工作前的任务情景演练,提高工作人员对工作任务场景的中的安全风险点和人因失误陷阱感知和识别能力;在工作任务实施环节,利用AR技术、人员定位、图像识别等技术,结合核电现有防人因失误工具理念对整个行为过程进行行为监督和提醒,最终实现核电工作全过程人因失误的智防,确保核安全的目标。本研究相较于传统以结果为导向的防人因失误理念而言,更加强调工作人员安全意识和工作过程人员行为的管控,能够更有效地针对人因失效点以智能化手段替代传统人防措施,给予工作人员更多的辅助和支持,从而达到真正减少人因失误的目标。The prevention of human error in nuclear power plant, as a complex human-machine system, is a key issue to be paid attention to in NPP operation. With the rapid development of intelligent technology, human error defense has also gradually developed from traditional civil defense to intelligent defense, with an aim to further improve personnel efficiency and human reliability. Based on the human error factor analysis and importance ranking of human factor events in NPP, this study takes typical human factor failure points as the breakthrough point, and starts from two perspectives of cognition and behavior, and divides the work process into three phases: pre-work, task preparation and task implementation. Intelligent technology is adopted to prevent human error in different phases. In the pre-work phase, using Internet technology to carry out individual/group safety ideology tracking, analysis and upgrading, and improve or maintain staff safety awareness at a high level;In the preparation of task phase, the virtual reality(VR) technology is used to focus on task scenario drilling before work so as to improve the staff’s perception and recognition ability of safety risk points and human error traps in the work task scenario. In the task implementation phase, the augmented reality(AR) technology, personnel positioning, image recognition and other technologies are used to supervise and remind the whole behavior process based on the existing human error prevention tool concept in NPP. Finally, the intelligent prevention of human error in the whole process of work is realized and the goal of nuclear safety is ensured. Compared with the traditional concept of result oriented human error prevention, this study emphasizes the safety awareness of staff and the control of staff behavior in the task process. The traditional civil defense measures can be effectively replaced with intelligent means to address the failure point of human factors. This method will give more assistance and support to the staff so as to achieve t

关 键 词：人因失误 智能化 虚拟现实 安全 

分 类 号：TM623[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]