分级法研究脱籽向日葵的细胞形态和化学成分  

Cell Morphology and Chemical Composition of Deseeded Sunflower Studied by Fractional Method

作　　者：王丽珍[1,2] 王俊跃 任浩 翟华敏[1] WANG Lizhen;WANG Junyue;REN Hao;ZHAI Huamin(Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Light Industry and Textile,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010080,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]内蒙古工业大学轻工与纺织学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010080 [3]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2022年第2期25-30,共6页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31600474);江苏省科技创新与成果转化专项(BE2010689,BE2010069)。

摘　　要：采用分级法研究了脱籽向日葵的细胞形态和化学成分。脱籽向日葵可分为秸皮、髓、花托、苞片、托片、叶柄和叶片7个级分,主要级分秸皮和花托的质量分数为49.4%和28.1%,其他级分介于3.4%~5.9%。髓仅由薄壁细胞组成,其他级分由表皮细胞、纤维细胞、薄壁细胞和导管分子组成。秸皮中纤维的体积分数为68.4%,长宽比最大(38.6),可作为造纸原料;其他级分多为薄壁细胞,细小纤维的体积分数均高于50%。秸皮和托片综纤维素的质量分数为65.7%和58.6%,聚戊糖质量分数为22.2%和22.5%,木质素的质量分数为22.7%和16.2%,秸皮和托片可作木质生物质原料。髓、花托、苞片、叶柄和叶片热水和苯醇抽出物的质量分数介于26.1%~50.8%和3.5%~8.7%,其特性需进一步研究。各级分的生物结构和化学组成高度不均一,分级是脱籽向日葵高值利用的有效途径。The cell morphology and chemical composition of deseeded sunflower were studied by fractional method.The deseeded sunflower could be divided into seven fractions,namely,stalk rind,pith,receptacle,bract,bractlet,petiole and leaf blade.The weight percentage of stalk rind and receptacle were 49.4%and 28.1%,and the other fractions ranged from 3.4%to 5.9%respectively.The pith consisted only of parenchyma cells,while the other fractions consisted of epidermal cells,fibers cells,parenchyma cells,and vessel elements.The fiber volume percentage of stalk rind was 68.4%and the aspect ratio of stalk rind was the largest(38.6)and the stalk rind could be used as the raw material for papermaking.The other fractions were mostly parenchyma cells,and the volume percentage of fine fiber was more than 50%.The holocellulose weight percentages in stalk rind and bractlet were 65.7%and 58.6%,the pentosan weight percentages were 22.2%and 22.5%,and the lignin weight percentages were 22.7%and 16.2%,respectively.The stalk rind and bractlet could be used as biomass raw material of lignocellulosic,and the stalk rind could be used as papermaking raw material.The hot water extractive weight percentages ranged from 26.1%to 50.8%and the benzene-alcohol extractive contents ranged from 3.5%to 8.7%in the stalk pith,receptacles,bracts,petioles and leaf blades,which were needed for further research.The biological structure and chemical composition of each fraction were highly heterogeneous,and the deseeded sunflower fraction processing was its high value-added utilization method.

关 键 词：脱籽向日葵 分级 细胞形态 化学组成 不均一性 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程]