电子商务平台经营者的侵权责任  

Infringement Liability of E-commerce Platform Operators

作　　者：武腾[1] Wu Teng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2022年第2期103-115,共13页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18CFX050)。

摘　　要：在实践中平台经营者不仅提供媒介服务,而且往往开展两类非媒介业务:一类是与平台内经营者有竞争关系的自营业务,另一类旨在辅助平台内交易主体全面履行合同。《电子商务法》第38条第1款和第2款中有关资质资格审核义务的规定,主要适用于平台经营者提供媒介服务的场合。资质资格审核义务是交往安全义务的具体内容,违反该义务后平台经营者应依《电子商务法》第38条第1款承担帮助侵权的连带责任。对于《电子商务法》第38条第2款中的平台安保义务,"囊括性责任说""相应的补充责任说"均有不足之处。从立法目的和体系标准出发,应将其限缩在平台经营者辅助合同履行的场合。因平台内经营者对该辅助人缺乏选任自由,且无法加以指挥、监督,故平台经营者须就自己的过错承担侵权责任;其以强势地位主动参与和督促合同履行,使消费者对其产生较高程度的信赖,此为平台安保义务的产生基础。In addition to provide intermediation services,e-commerce platform operators usually carry out two types of non-intermediation businesses:in the first type of business they compete with merchants on the platform,while in the second type they assist the contracting parties on the platform to fully perform their contracts.Article 38(1)of the Electronic Commerce Law,as well as the duty to review qualifications of merchants on the platform stipulated in Article 38(2),shall apply mainly to occasions when platform operators provide intermediation services.The duty to review qualifications reflects the specific requirements of the duty of care,and when failing to perform that duty,platform operators may be liable jointly and severally for assisting with infringement according to Article 38(1).As for interpreting the platform operator’s duty to maintain safety expressly stipulated in Article 38(2),there are shortcomings in inclusive liability theory and in corresponding supplementary liability theory.In light of the legislative purpose and for the sake of coordination of liability system,the application of the duty to maintain safety should be limited to occasions when platform operators assist in the performance of contracts concluding by parties on the platform.Merchants on the platform lack the freedom to select and appoint the assistant,and cannot direct and supervise it as well,so the platform operator should be liable for its own fault.Given the platform operator actively participates in and supervises the performance of contract,consumers always have a high degree of reliance upon it,which is the basis for arising of the platform operator’s duty to maintain safety.

关 键 词：电子商务法 平台经营者 安全保障义务 帮助侵权 独立辅助人 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]