一株异养硝化细菌的分离鉴定及其在垃圾渗滤液中的应用  

Isolation and Identification of a Heterotrophic Nitrification Bacterium and Its Application in Landfill Leachate

作　　者：阮明君 钟梓杰 余发杰 姚宇泰 朱剑锋 胡文锋[1,2] 胡斌 RUAN Mingjun;ZHONG Zijie;YU Fajie;YAO Yutai;ZHU Jianfeng;HU Wenfeng;HU Bin(College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Bio-source Biotechnology(Shenzhen)Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China;Institute of Animal Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州510642 [2]生物源生物技术(深圳)股份有限公司,广东深圳518000 [3]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第3期68-76,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020206001);广东省科技计划项目(2017A010405039)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对垃圾渗滤液废水中存在氨氮含量高、脱氮效率低等问题,从垃圾渗滤液生化反应池的活性污泥中富集、分离出 1 株能降解氨氮的异养硝化菌。【方法】对所分离菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、16S r DNA 基因序列比对和构建系统发育树;同时研究不同接种量、培养基初始 p H、温度、摇床转速以及碳源种类等因素对该菌株脱氮效果的影响;将该菌株接种于垃圾渗滤液中,对其异养硝化作用进行评估。【结果】所获得的异养硝化菌为不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter sp.),命名为 XJ-1。经过单因素优化,菌株 XJ-1 能在以乙酸钠为唯一碳源的培养基中生长,并进行异养硝化,当接种量为 6%、初始 p H 为 7.5、温度为 30 ℃、摇床转速为150 r/min 时,菌株 XJ-1 的氨氮降解率最高;将菌株 XJ-1 接种到灭菌后的垃圾渗滤液中,在最佳条件下培养 96 h,氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)的初始浓度由 545.91 mg/L 降至 317.58 mg/L,降解率达 62.82%,且中间产物亚硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)未见明显积累。【结论】研究结果证明菌株 XJ-1 具有一定的异养硝化特性,且具有一定的处理垃圾渗滤液的应用价值。【Objective】Aiming at the problems of ammonium-rich and low denitrification efficiency in landfill leachate wastewater, a heterotrophic nitrification bacterium was enriched and isolated from the activated sludge of landfill leachate biochemical reaction tank.【Method】By means of morphological observation, physiological and biochemical identification, 16S r DNA gene sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, the effects of different inoculation amount, initial p H, temperature, shaking speed and carbon source type on the denitrification effect of the strain were studied.The strain was inoculated into landfill leachate wastewater to evaluate its ability of heterotrophic nitrification.【Result】The isolated heterotrophic nitrobacteria strain was Acinetobacter sp., named XJ-1. After single factor optimization, strain XJ-1could grow in the medium with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source and carry out heterotrophic nitrification. When the inoculation amount was 6%, with initial p H 7.5, temperature at 30 ℃ , and the shaking speed of incubator maintained at 150 r/min, the highest ammonia nitrogen degradation rate was obtained;while strain XJ-1 was inoculated into the sterilized landfill leachate wastewater, after 96 h cultivation under the optimal conditions, the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N) decreased from 545.91 mg/L to 317.58 mg/L, the NH_(4)^(+)-N degradation rate reached 62.82%, and the intermediate products such as nitrite nitrogen (NO_(3)^(-)-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO_(3)^(-)-N) did not accumulate significantly.【Conclusion】Strain XJ-1 has certain heterotrophic nitrification characteristics, and it has application value in the treatment of landfill leachate wastewater.

关 键 词：异养硝化菌 分离鉴定 不动杆菌 氨氮降解 垃圾渗滤液 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]