ABO血型基因分型方法的进展与应用  

The Advances and Application of ABO Blood Group Genotyping Technology——Review

作　　者：李慧[1] 冯晨晨[2] 陈青[1,2] LI Hui;FENG Chen-Chen;CHEN Qing(Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu Province China;Jiangsu Province Blood Center,Nanjing 210042,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学,江苏南京211166 [2]江苏省血液中心,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《中国实验血液学杂志》2022年第2期622-626,共5页Journal of Experimental Hematology

基　　金：江苏省“十三五”期间“科教强卫工程”医学重点人才(ZDRCB2016010);江苏省重点研发计划社会发展项目(BE2015717);江苏省第五期“333高层次人才培养工程”(2016-III-3344);江苏省高层次卫生人才“六个一工程”拔尖人才项目(LGY2017095)。

摘　　要：ABO血型系统是临床输血中最重要的血型系统。血清学技术是检测ABO血型常规检测方法,但对于鉴定如抗原或抗体减弱、血浆蛋白异常、多凝集或冷凝集素等较为复杂的ABO疑难样本,血清学存在着一定的局限性。随着分子生物学技术的发展,ABO血型基因被克隆,建立了以DNA为基础的ABO血型基因分型技术,出现了PCR-SSP、Droplet-AS-PCR、PCR-RFLP、PCR-SBT、SNaPshot、MALDI-TOF MS及NGS等不同通量的基因分型技术。基因分型技术克服了血清学的局限性,已成为解决疑难血型必不可少的方法,为ABO血型的正确鉴定提供了强力支持,为精准输血提供保障。本文就ABO血型基因分型方法的进展与应用作一综述。The ABO blood group system is the most important blood group system in clinical transfusion. Serological technology is a routine method for the identification of ABO blood groups, however, which have some limitations in the identification of complicated ABO samples with weakened antigens or antibodies, abnormal plasma proteins, polyagglutination, or cold agglutinin, etc. With the development of molecular biology technology, ABO blood group gene was cloned, and ABO blood group genotyping technology based on DNA was established. The genotyping technologies with different throughputs such as PCR-SSP, Droplet-AS-PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-SBT, SNaPshot, MALDI-TOF MS and NGS have emerged. Genotyping has overcome the limitations of serology, and has become an indispensable method to solve difficult blood type, providing strong support for the correct identification of ABO blood group, and providing guarantee for precision blood transfusion. This review summarizes the progress and application of ABO blood group genotyping methods.

关 键 词：ABO血型 血型分型 基因分型 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]