政策工具视域下我国高校科技成果转化政策研究  

Policy Research on the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Policy Tool

作　　者：郑晓齐[1] 朱英[1] ZHENG Xiao-qi;ZHU Ying(Institute of Higher Education,Beihang University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学高等教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2022年第1期23-29,共7页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急项目(项目编号:71641008)“创新型国家建设的人才战略及其教育对策研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：高等学校是解决国民经济重大科技问题,实现科技成果转化的生力军。选取改革开放以来中央政府发布的高校科技成果转化相关政策103份,以政策文本内容分析法,采用唐纳尔(McDonnell)和艾莫尔(Elmore)政策工具的分类,从政策历史发展脉络、政策工具使用情况以及“政策工具—主题”二维框架等多角度展开分析。研究发现,国家日益重视高校科技成果转化工作,相关政策从无到有,可以划分为探索过渡、改革发展和深化提升三个阶段,从解决“可以做”的问题转向“做得好”的问题,但高校科研人员激励制度与成果转化政策实施细则应受到更多关注。三个阶段中各工具配合使用、有所侧重,构建高校科技工作与经济建设紧密结合的顶层设计。在“政策工具—主题”二维框架下,政策工具与人员管理、资金管理、科技成果管理、机制氛围塑造、机构设施完善等政策内容要素结合,呈三级阶梯式分布,表现出命令工具频繁使用,能力建设工具、激励工具相对频繁,而劝告工具、系统变革工具使用不足的特点。未来,政策工具组合有待改善,高校科技成果转化的制度和组织资源还需进一步规范。Universities are a new force to solve key scientific and technological problems in the national economy and technology transfer. This study selects 103 policies related to university technology transfer issued by the central government since the reform and opening up. Taking the policy texts as entry point, the study adopts the classification of policy tools based on Lorraine M. McDonnell and Richard F. Elmore’s framework of policy tool analysis to analyze the historical development of policies, the usage of policy tools, and the two-dimensional framework of “policy tools and themes”. The study found that the state pays more attention to university technology transfer. The policies emergence can be divided into three stages: exploration and transition, reform and development and deepening stage. However, more attention is required to be paid to the incentive system for scientific researchers and the implementation rules. In the three stages, the tools are used in coordination with different emphasis, so as to build a top-level design closely combining scientific and technological work and economic construction. Under the two-dimensional framework, policy tools are combined with policy contents such as personnel management, fund management, scientific and technological achievements management, the development of mechanism and atmosphere, and the improvement of institutions and facilities. It is a three-step distribution, which shows the frequent use of command tools, the relatively frequent capacity-building tools and incentive tools, and the insufficient use of advice tools and system change tools. In the future, the combination of policy tools needs to be improved, and the system and organizational resources of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities still need to be further standardized.

关 键 词：高校科技成果转化 政策文本 政策工具—主题二维框架 内容分析法 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]