清末湖广总督瑞澂的裁撤督抚方案  

The Rui Cheng’s Scheme of Eliminating the Governor-general in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：史展 Shi Zhan

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2022年第1期86-103,310,共19页Journal of Modern Chinese History

摘　　要：宣统二年冬清廷重议外官制期间,原本反对裁抑督抚的湖广总督瑞澂提出了逐渐裁撤督抚方案,并提议各省督抚联奏。在遭到督抚普遍反对后,瑞澂仍单独上奏。瑞澂方案并非一次性尽裁所有督抚,而是分三等裁撤:在近畿试裁总督,在腹地裁督留抚或改督为抚,在边地仍设总督且加重事权。身为总督的瑞澂提议裁撤督抚,有其自身的逻辑,即通过裁撤近畿督抚以加强中央集权的同时,试图维护腹地督抚和加强边地总督的事权,是采取协调中央集权与地方分权的策略,以应对清末“内轻”与“外轻”之弊,继而维护清王朝的统治。During the second year of Xuantong,when the Qing Court revisited the system of local civil service,Rui Cheng,the governor-general of Huguang,who was originally opposed to the dismissal of Governor-general,put forward the scheme of gradually eliminating the governor-general,and proposed to submit memorials to the throne proposed the association of governors-general.Despite widespread opposition from the governors-general,but Rui Cheng still insisted on submitting memorials to the throne alone.The plan didn’t cut all the governorgeneral at one time,but in three categories:try to remove the“Zongdu”in the provinces close to the capital,the withdrawal left the“Xunfu”or changed the“Zongdu”as“Xunfu”in the hinterland provinces,“Zongdu”is still established and strengthen their authority in the border areas.As the governor-general,Rui Cheng has its own logic.Through the withdrawal of governorgeneral to strengthen the centralization at the same time,trying to maintain and strengthen the authority of governor-general in the hinterland and border areas.It’s to coordinate the centralization and local decentralization,in order to deal with some disadvantages in the late Qing Dynasty,and then maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清末 督抚制度 中央集权 地方分权 瑞澂 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K252[政治法律—中外政治制度]