清末兴复海军政策的酝酿、出台及其演变  

The Qing Government Fermented,Promulgated and Changed the Naval Policy in the Late Qing New Policy Reforms

作　　者：彭贺超 Peng Hechao

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2022年第1期201-216,313,共17页Journal of Modern Chinese History

摘　　要：兴复海军,是清末新政背景下清政府筹建海军的最后一次努力。陆军部成立前,地方督抚、练兵处仅在海军方面做了一些筹备工作。直到1907年陆军部始出台兴复海军政策,第二次海牙保和会上列强的欺辱激起朝野兴复海军的热情,然因财力不足难以落实。宣统朝筹办海军基础大臣、筹办海军事务处先后主持海军事务,兴复海军政策短期内数次演变。清末海军政策的酝酿、出台与演变,反映出清朝中央政府的军事改革思路从重陆轻海向海陆并重的转变。这一时期海军政策尽管存在出台时间较晚、变化频繁及后期冒进等问题,但在重视海军、维护海防的宗旨指导下,仍推进了中国海军现代化的进程。The Qing Government made one last attempt to rebuild the navy in the late Qing New Policy Reforms.Before the establishment of the Ministry of Ground Forces(陆军部),the regional governors and the Division of Troops Training(练兵处)only did some preparatory work in the naval field.It was not until 1907 that the Ministry of Ground Forces promulgated the naval policy.The policy gained general support of the government and the public because of the insult of foreign powers at the second Hague Peace Conference,which was difficult to implement without having the necessary funding.These naval officers and the Division of navy took charge of the naval affairs successively during the reign of Emperor Xuantong,and the naval policy evolved several times in a short period of time.The Qing Government fermented,promulgated and changed the naval policy which reflected a transformation of the military reform ideas from attaching importance to army and neglecting the navy to paying equal attention to army and navy.In this period,although there were some problems in the naval policy,such as late issuance,frequent changes and impetuous advance,it still promoted the modernization of the Chinese navy under the guidance of the purpose of attaching importance to the navy and safeguarding coastal defense.

关 键 词：清末新政 海军 陆军部 载洵 萨镇冰 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] E295[政治法律—中外政治制度] K252[军事—军事理论]