流域水环境生态风险评价指标体系的构建及应用——以大宁河为例  

Index screening and application for assessment of water environment ecological risk in Daning River Basin

作　　者：李海燕 LI Haiyan(Shanghai Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海环境保护有限公司,上海200030

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第4期59-64,共6页Yangtze River

摘　　要：为全面了解大宁河流域水环境综合生态风险现状,采用基于信息敏感性的主成分分析方法,构建了能够反映风险源和受体综合作用下的水环境风险评价指标体系;在模糊评价思想指导下,利用GIS技术和相对风险评价模型,对水环境风险进行评估并划分风险等级。研究结果表明:(1)水环境生态风险突出表现在水体富营养化、土壤重金属、水土流失及水华暴发风险方面,采用定量筛选方法最终确定了15个评价指标。(2)大宁河流域整体处于中高度风险区,风险值呈现出沿河流干支流两岸逐渐递减的趋势,高度风险区和极高风险区主要分布在巫溪县及河口回水区。该筛选方法在一定程度上克服了指标选取的主观性,减少了结果的不确定性。评估结果能客观反映出流域范围内人口和城市沿河流分布、库区支流水环境风险受到库区蓄水影响的特点,可为其他库区支流水环境风险评估及管控提供参考依据。In order to understand the current situation of comprehensive ecological risk of water environment in Daning River Basin, the principal component analysis based on the information sensitivity was used to construct a water environment risk assessment index system, which can reflect the effects of risk source and receptor.We also evaluated the water environment risk and divided the risk level using GIS technology and relative risk assessment model under guidance of fuzzy evaluation thought.The results showed that:(1) The ecological risk of water environment was mainly manifested in water eutrophication, soil heavy metals, soil erosion and water bloom.Fifteen evaluation indicators were finally determined by using quantitative screening method.(2) The whole Daning River Basin was in a medium and high risk area.The risk value of the river basin showed a decreasing trend along both sides of the main river and tributaries.The high and extremely high risk areas were mainly distributed in Wuxi County and the estuary backwater area.The method overcame the subjectivity of the previous qualitative screening evaluation index and reduced the result′s uncertainty to some extent.The evaluation results objectively reflected the characteristics of population distribution, urban development along the river and the fact that water environment risk of reservoir tributaries were affected by reservoir impoundment, which provides a reference for the water environment risk assessment and control of other tributaries in the reservoir area.

关 键 词：水环境生态风险 指标筛选 相对风险评估模型 GIS技术 大宁河流域 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]