腐植酸对小麦生长发育的调控研究  

The Regulation of Humic Acid on Wheat Growth and Development

作　　者：赵晓燕 朱先哲 吴洪燕 赵翔宇[1] 王芳[1] 马学文 陈世更 张宪省[1] ZHAO Xiao-yan;ZHU Xian-zhe;WU Hong-yan;ZHAO Xiang-yu;WANG Fang;MAXue-wen;CHEN Shi-geng;ZHANG Xian-sheng(College of Life Sciences/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tai'an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农大肥业科技有限公司,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期197-208,共12页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划:项目新型绿色农业投入品研发与示范(2020CXGC010803);山东省重点研发计划项目:中低产田改良与产能提升关键技术研究与应用(2021CXGC010804-06)。

摘　　要：本文以济麦22为材料采用土壤施肥和叶面喷施两种方法进行大田试验,研究腐植酸对小麦生长发育的影响,探讨腐植酸肥料对小麦生长发育的调控作用。结果表明,土壤施肥中单施腐植酸显著提高了小麦株高(4.64%)和灌浆期旗叶面积(11.74%);小麦的有效穗数、理论产量、蛋白质相对含量、淀粉相对含量以及穗、茎、旗叶的全氮含量分别提高了13.39%、12.69%、12.79%、2.24%、9.39%、17.55%、10.62%。土壤施肥中腐植酸配施常规肥处理组的小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率显著提高了15.66%和11.79%;其蛋白质和淀粉相对含量也提高了2.92%、2.17%。叶面施肥中单施腐植酸可以显著提高蒸腾速率(15.16%)、气孔导度(22.05%)、灌浆期叶面积(11.65%)、蛋白质相对含量(7.61%)。此外,腐植酸可以增加生长素积累,促进细胞伸长和细胞数目增加。基因表达谱分析表明,腐植酸的施加可能通过调控生长素合成、光合作用等相关基因的表达促进了小麦的生长发育。To study the effects of humic acid fertilizer on wheat growth and development,different fertilizer experiments in field were conducted with wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)Jimai 22.The results showed that applying humic acid alone in soil fertilization significantly increased plant height(4.64%)and leaf area at grain filling stage(11.74%).The effective panicle number,theoretical yield,protein relative content,starch relative content and total nitrogen content in spike,stem and flag leaf were increased by 13.39%,12.69%,12.79%,2.24%,9.39%,17.55%,10.62%.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of humic acid combined with conventional fertilizer were increased by 15.66%and 11.79%.Protein relative content and starch relative content were increased by 2.92%and 2.17%,respectively.Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,leaf area and protein relative content were significantly increased by 15.16%,22.05%,11.65%and 7.61%in foliar fertilization.Compared with the control,the content of auxin was significantly increased by humic acid alone,which promoted cell elongation and cell number.The results of gene expression profile showed humic acid might promote the growth and development of wheat by regulating the expression of auxin synthesis,photosynthesis and other related genes.

关 键 词：腐植酸 小麦 生长发育 

分 类 号：TQ444.6[化学工程—化学肥料工业] S512.1[农业科学—作物学]